The invention relates to a fluorescent brightening agent detection apparatus based on a cellphone platform and a detection method thereof, which can be used for detecting whether daily necessities contain a fluorescent brightening agent or not. The apparatus is composed of a clamping ring, a housing, a lens, a UV LED light source, a master control circuit board, an upper clamp plate, a torsion spring, a shaft, a lower clamp plate, and a rubber pad, when a to-be-detected sample is irradiated by the UV LED light source, excitant fluorescence is collected by a cellphone camera, image acquisitionis carried out by using a camera function of a cellphone, an comparison analysis is carried out on APP having image comparison and analysis functions, and whether the sample contains the fluorescent brightening agent or not can be obtained. The detection method is simple and convenient for operation, and the apparatus has the advantages of simple operation, convenient carrying, high testing precision, high security, and attractive price and quality.