The invention discloses a quality detection method of a dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition. The dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition is mainly prepared from the following components: herba ephedrae, fried semen armeniacae amarae, gypsum, liquorice root, herba pogostemonis, cortex magnoliae officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis fried with bran, fried semen tsaoko, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, poria cocos, rheum officinale, astragalus membranaceus, semen lepidii, and radix paeoniae rubra. The quality detection method of the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing compositioncomprises the following steps: measuring the content of total anthraquinone, the content of free anthraquinone, the content of ephedrine hydrochloride, the content of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and the content of paeoniflorin in the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition by adopting high performance liquid chromatography, and calculating the content of combined anthraquinone; whereinthe combined anthraquinone content = the total anthraquinone content - the free anthraquinone content. The method is high in specificity and stability, high in durability and capable of effectively guaranteeing the stability and controllability of the product quality of the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition in the large-scale production process.