The invention discloses a special optical glass with pure red light emission characteristics, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of special optical glass materials. The special optical glass of the present invention includes a glass matrix, and a reducing agent and a rare earth fluoride doped externally on the basis of the glass matrix; the chemical composition of the glass matrix is: a SiO 2 ‑bZnF 2 ‑cZnCl 2 ‑dLiF‑eMnF 2 ; In the formula, a, b, c, d, e are molar ratio numbers, and its values are respectively: a is 40-50mol.%, b is 15-20mol.%, c is 10-15mol.%, d is 15mol.%, e is 0-15mol.%; the dosing amount of reducing agent is 0.05-3.0mol.%, and the dosing amount of rare earth fluoride is 0.1-2.0mol.%. The invention utilizes the characteristics of phase separation of fluorosilicate glass to regulate the performance of the glass from different dimensions, and finally obtains a special optical glass with good thermodynamic stability and high luminous efficiency. The special optical glass of the invention realizes the pure red light emission of rare earth ions, and can be applied to the fields of glass / optical fiber display, optical fiber temperature sensing, photodynamic therapy and the like.