37 results about "Laser Microscopy" patented technology

The invention discloses a confocal laser microscope detection method for micro-plastic surface biofilm components and biomass, and belongs to the field of micro-plastic pollution monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out stratified sampling and polymer component identification on micro-plastic in an environmental water body; the method comprises the following steps: marking algae, blue-green algae, bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances in a biological membrane through specific fluorescent staining, carrying out high-resolution three-dimensional imaging by utilizing a confocal laser microscope, and realizing batch quantitative analysis of each component of the biological membrane by adopting ImageJ software. The technical problems that an existing detection method is insufficient in parameter dimension, evaluation result deviation is caused only based on partial component quantification, and the influence of the overall structure of the biological membrane on the micro-plastic migration behavior cannot be truly reflected are solved. According to the method, the biomass and spatial distribution of each component of the biological membrane can be comprehensively and accurately quantified, the accuracy of analyzing the vertical migration mechanism of the micro-plastic is improved, and multi-dimensional data support is provided for ecological risk assessment.

[Problem] To provide a resin film which does not contain fluorine, has not only acoustic performance (sound transmission properties) and air permeability, but also high water repellency and oil repellency, and is suitable for a sound-transmitting waterproof film.　[Solution] This resin film is obtained by curing an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin composition that contains silane-modified inorganic particles having a primary particle diameter of 10-200 nm, wherein, if the average value of heights of recesses and projections obtained on the basis of a cross-sectional shape of the resin film surface obtained from a surface image including height information captured by means of a laser microscope is used as a reference value, the surface has recesses and projections within ±2,500 nm from the reference value, and the air permeability as determined by JIS L1096 B method (Gurley method) is 10-300 seconds / 100 mL.　

Provided is an indium phosphide substrate, a method for manufacturing an indium phosphide substrate, and a semiconductor epitaxial wafer, which can suppress the occurrence of contamination of the surface of the indium phosphide substrate caused by residues in the edge portion. An indium phosphide substrate, wherein the indium phosphide substrate has an edge portion including at least a surface having a curvature, and wherein, with respect to the surface roughness of the edge portion, each of the measured values of the root mean square height Sq calculated using a laser microscope and applying an L filter with a cutoff wavelength of 20 μm at a plurality of positions on the entire surface of the edge portion is 0.15 μm or less.

Provided is a plated steel sheet that can enhance the aesthetic appeal of hairlines when viewed from a medium distance of approximately 1 to 3 meters. The plated steel sheet of the present disclosure includes a base steel sheet and a plating layer formed on the base steel sheet, with a hairline formed on the surface. The surface roughness profile of the plating layer is measured using a laser microscope over a measurement range 60910 μm long in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the hairline to determine the surface roughness profile of the measurement range. The measurement range is divided into 100 microregions arranged at a pitch of 609.1 μm long from the end of the measurement range, and the peak count RPc is determined for each microregion with a dead zone width of 360 nm. Two or more contrast areas are present within the measurement range where the absolute difference in peak count RPc between two adjacent microregions is 16 or more.

Ceramic filter with a columnar honeycomb structure (100) comprising an outer circumferential side wall (102); a plurality of first cells (108) arranged on an inner circumferential side of the outer circumferential side wall (102), extending from a first end face (104) to a second end face (106), open at the first end face (104) and having closure sections (109) at the second end face (106); and a plurality of second cells (110) arranged on the inner circumferential side of the outer circumferential side wall (102), extending from the first end face (104) to the second end face (106), having closure sections (109) at the first end face (104) and being open at the second end face (106), wherein the plurality of first cells (108) and the plurality of second cells (110) are arranged alternately next to each other, with porous partitions (112) arranged between them;where, when viewing a plurality of pores of a surface of the partitions (112) with a laser microscope and plotting the equivalent circle diameter (µm) of each pore on the X-axis and the pore depth (µm) of each pore on the Y-axis on a two-dimensional coordinate system, the slope of the regression line (y / x) obtained by a least squares method in a range of 20 ≤ x ≤ 40 is 0 to 0.20, the average value of the pore depth of the plurality of pores is 2.5 µm to 5.0 µm, and the number density of the plurality of pores is 600 / mm; 2 up to 2450 / mm 2 amounts.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

Provided is a surface-treated copper foil that has excellent adhesion between a resin substrate and the surface-treated copper foil, has low transmission loss, and can be used to manufacture a printed circuit board or the like with good laser workability. This surface-treated copper foil has, on at least one side, a roughened surface on which roughened particles have been formed, and measured physical values for the roughened surface fulfill the following (a), (b), and (c).　(a) The true reflectance of the roughened surface, measured using a spectrophotometer with a light source that emits 45° polarized light at a wavelength of 600 nm, and on condition that the incidence angle and the reflection angle are both 70°, is at least 0.20% and no greater than 0.90%.　(b) The Y value for the brightness of the roughened surface is at least 10.0 and no greater than 15.5.　(c) The Ssk of the roughened surface, measured using a laser microscope, is at least 0.30 and no greater than 0.80.

The utility model discloses a full-automatic laser microscope platform, and relates to the technical field of laser microscope platforms. The laser microscope comprises a base, a supporting platform is arranged on the top face of the base, a mounting frame is fixedly connected to the top face of the supporting platform, a transverse movement adjusting mechanism is transversely arranged on the surface of the mounting frame, and a laser microscope body is mounted below the transverse movement adjusting mechanism. A height control assembly used for controlling the laser microscope body to move in the vertical direction is arranged on the surface of the transverse movement adjusting mechanism, supporting assemblies are arranged at the four corners of the bottom face of the base, and a damping assembly used for buffering the supporting platform is installed in the base. The observation position of the microscope can be freely adjusted in use, operation is simpler and more convenient, vibration generated in the use process can be absorbed, a sample is prevented from shaking, and stability in the observation process is guaranteed.

The present invention provides a plated steel sheet which is capable of enhancing designability of hairlines when viewed from a medium distance of about 1-3 m. A plated steel sheet according to the present disclosure comprises: a base steel plate; and a plating layer which is formed on the base steel plate and has hairlines that are formed on the surface thereof. On the surface of the plating layer, a surface roughness profile is measured by a laser microscope in a measurement range that has a length of 60910 µm in a direction that is perpendicular to the extending direction of the hairlines, thereby obtaining the surface roughness profile of the measurement range, the measurement range is divided into 100 minute areas that are arranged at a pitch of 609.1 µm from an end of the measurement range, a peak count RPc having a dead zone width of 360 nm is obtained for each minute area, and two or more contrast parts, in which the absolute difference of peak count RPc between two adjacent minute areas is 16 or more, are present in the measurement range.

An indium phosphide substrate with a diameter of 50 mm or more has a waviness Wq of less than 200 nm on the entire substrate surface excluding the edge portion. The waviness Wq of the entire substrate surface excluding the edge portion is measured in the following order (1) to (2). (1) The area within 5 mm from the outer periphery to the center is defined as the "edge portion". The entire wafer surface excluding the area within 5 mm from the outer periphery to the center is defined as the "substrate surface excluding the edge portion". (2) The waviness Wq is measured using the white interferometry function of a laser microscope. Taking the center of the substrate surface in the short dimension direction of a range of 1 mm × 40 mm as the reference line, 20 lines with a spacing of 4.5 μm are set as a measurement interval. The waviness of the 10 surrounding lines that move parallel to the short dimension direction and the total of 11 lines of the reference line spanning 40 mm in the long dimension direction is calculated. The average value of these values ​​is taken as the waviness Wq.

The present invention is an aluminum foil having an uneven structure provided on at least one surface, the aluminum foil having a surface roughness (Sa) of 15-50 nm (inclusive), a surface roughness (SzJIS) of 150-400 nm (inclusive), and a surface roughness (SzJIS) of 25-50 nm (inclusive) in a first rectangular field of view having a size of 5 [mu] m * 5 [mu] m and a resolution of 256 * 256 pixels when the surface is viewed with an atomic force microscope. The number of peaks counted at a length of 5 [mu] m is 25 or more; when the surface is observed with a laser microscope, the surface roughness Sa is 30 nm or less and the surface roughness Sz is 600 nm or less in a second rectangular field of view having a size of 95 [mu] m * 71 [mu] m and a resolution of 1024 * 768 pixels.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

A stretchable substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface facing opposite of each other, wherein the stretchable substrate satisfies at least one of (1) to (4): (1) at least either the first main surface or the second main surface has an oxygen atomic proportion of 5 at % or more with respect to all atoms as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; (2) the first main surface or the second main surface has an arithmetic average surface roughness of 6 μm or more as measured with a laser microscope; (3) at least either the first main surface or the second main surface includes a metal-containing portion containing a metal atom; or (4) a metal-containing region containing a metal atom that is positioned along at least either the first main surface or the second main surface.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

Provided are a surface-treated metal material and a bonded body containing the surface-treated metal material, the surface-treated metal material being used for adhesive bonding and being capable of further improving adhesive durability. A surface-treated metal material in which a silane coating film is provided on at least a part of the surface of a metal base material, the surface-treated metal material having an absorption peak in a wave number region of 1250 (cm-1) to 1150 (cm-1) when an absorption spectrum is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy when parallel polarized light having an incidence angle of 75 DEG is incident on the surface of the silane coating film, and having an absorption peak in a wave number region of 1250 (cm-1) to 1150 (cm-1) when an absorption spectrum is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and having an absorption peak in a wave number region of 1250 (cm-1) to 1150 (cm-1) on the surface of the silane coating film. When the surface roughness is measured by a laser microscope in a 1mm * 1mm measurement range of any three positions, the aspect ratio is more than 0.5.

To provide a fluid sterilization device that can increase the number of units produced per unit of time. [Solution] The fluid sterilization device 1 has a sterilization chamber 60 for sterilizing the flowing fluid, and comprises a sterilization chamber body 10 in which at least the inner wall surface 61 of the sterilization chamber 60 is formed of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a light source unit 20 including a light-emitting element 22 that emits ultraviolet light into the sterilization chamber 60. The inner wall surface 61 of the sterilization chamber 60 has a root mean square wavelength Rλq measured by a contact-type roughness meter that is greater than 100 μm, or a root mean square wavelength Rλq measured by a laser microscope that is greater than 70 μm.

To provide a method for inspecting a spreading powder application amount.SOLUTION: A method for inspecting a spreading powder application amount includes: a first measurement step of measuring a volume of a spreading powder application layer on a ceramic member with respect to the ceramic member having the spreading powder application layer to which spreading powder is applied, by using a laser microscope from a surface direction of the ceramic member; a step of subtracting a predetermined offset value from the volume of the spreading powder application layer obtained in the first measurement step; a step of integrating from a value obtained by subtracting the offset value up to a maximum height value; and a step of performing the step of subtracting the offset value and the step of integrating at a plurality of locations.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

Provided is a surface-treated metal material and a bonded body containing the same, for adhesive bonding, which can further improve adhesive durability. A surface-treated metal material in which a silane film is provided on at least a part of the surface of a metal substrate, wherein when a parallel polarized light having an incident angle of 75° is incident on the surface of the silane film, and an absorption spectrum is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, an absorption peak is present in a wave number region of 1250 (cm －1 ) or more and 1150 (cm －1 ) or less, and when the surface roughness is measured for a 1 mm x 1 mm measurement range at any three positions on the surface of the silane film by a laser microscope, the aspect ratio is 0.5 or more.

The application discloses an optoelectronic tweezers device for dielectric particle manipulation, and relates to the technical field of optoelectronic tweezers, and comprises an ultraviolet laser microscope light path, an ultraviolet laser sheet illumination light path, an imaging light path and a dielectric particle manipulation chip module; the dielectric particle manipulation chip module comprises a first lithium niobate wafer, a second lithium niobate wafer and a motion control device; the ultraviolet laser microscope light path irradiates the first lithium niobate wafer, and the ultraviolet laser sheet illumination light path irradiates the second lithium niobate wafer; the first lithium niobate wafer and the second lithium niobate wafer respectively generate photoelectrons after being irradiated; the photoelectrons generate laser converging light spots; the laser converging light spot generated by the first lithium niobate wafer is smaller than the laser converging light spot in the second lithium niobate wafer; a non-uniform electric field is generated in the dielectric particle manipulation chip; and the imaging light path is used for displaying particle information generated in the dielectric particle manipulation chip module. The device is simple in structure, and can flexibly, efficiently and accurately manipulate dielectric particles.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

Provided is a mold release film including a mold release layer, an antistatic layer, and a substrate in this order, in which an average thickness of the mold release layer is more than 0.1 μm, and when unevenness of a surface of the mold release film on a mold release layer side is measured with a laser microscope and a surface angle distribution of an angle (θ) formed by a normal vector of the unevenness and a normal line of a main surface of the mold release film is determined, an existence fraction (Φ) in a range of 10° to 35° is 0.12 or more.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >; wherein the positive electrode film layer does not comprise a conductive agent.

The invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery, a battery device and an electric device. The lithium ion secondary battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and an electrolyte, the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive film layer arranged on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive film layer comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises lithium-containing transition metal phosphate particles of which at least partial surfaces are provided with carbon coating materials; in a graphitization degree C value cumulative distribution curve obtained by the positive electrode film layer in a surface scanning mode of a laser microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer, the median C50 of the graphitization degree is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.20, and the concentration ratio (C90-C10) / C50 of the C value is 0.01-0.04; wherein the graphitization degree C value is IG / ID, IG represents the G peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1580 + / -100 cm <-1 >, and ID represents the D peak intensity of the Raman spectrum at the position of 1350 + / -100 cm <-1 >.

A ceramic sheet according to the present invention has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the arithmetic mean roughness of each of the first main surface and the second main surface is 0.01 to 1.0 μm. When each of the first main surface and the second main surface is measured with a laser microscope, the average value of the difference between the highest point and the lowest point at any 10 sections is 1.0 to 4.0 μm on at least one of the first main surface and the second main surface, the coefficient of variation of the difference is 0.05 to 0.3, the cumulative relative frequency where the slope of the approximate straight line calculated per 1.314 μm is -0.1 to 0.1 is 20% to 70%, the cumulative relative frequency where the slope of the approximate straight line is -0.3 to 0.3 is 85% to 100%, and the cumulative relative frequency where the slope of the approximate straight line is -1.5 to 1.5 is 99.9% or more.

The invention relates to a Cu-Ti-based copper alloy sheet material, a manufacturing method thereof, and a vapor chamber. Provided is a metal material suitable for a case of a vapor chamber, the metal material having high strength after being held at a high temperature (for example, about 800 DEG C), and obtaining very high bonding strength in a diffusion-bonded portion exceeding a pure copper material. A copper alloy sheet material having a chemical composition containing, in mass%, 2.00-5.00% of Ti, and optionally, Ag, Al, B, Be, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, S, Si, Sn, Ta, V, Zn, Zr, and a rare earth element in a total of 4.00% or less, the remainder comprising Cu and unavoidable impurities, the maximum height roughness Rz of the sheet surface in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction being 1.5 [mu] m or less, and the maximum height roughness Rz of the sheet surface in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction being 1.5 [mu] m or less. The expansion area ratio Sdr of the plate surface measured by a laser microscope is 0.10 or less.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a separation membrane capable of selectively separating methanol with high efficiency from a gas containing carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methanol. This separation membrane is provided with a separation layer containing MFI zeolite. In the MFI zeolite, the ratio I200 / I104 of the intensity I200 of a diffraction peak of a (200) plane to the intensity I104 of a diffraction peak of a (104) plane by X-ray diffraction measurement is 0.05-1.5, and the number-based cumulative particle diameter D50 at a cumulative number of 50% in a particle size distribution obtained by analyzing an image obtained by laser microscope observation is 2-10 µm.

The present invention provides a surface-treated copper foil that exhibits excellent adhesion between a resin substrate and the surface-treated copper foil, has low transmission loss, and is suitable for producing printed wiring boards and the like that have good laser processability. The surface-treated copper foil has a roughened surface on at least one side on which roughening particles are formed, and the physical properties measured on the roughened surface satisfy the following (A), (B), and (C): (A) The specular reflectance of the roughened surface, measured using a spectrophotometer with a light source that emits 45° polarized light with a wavelength of 600 nm, at an incident angle and a reflection angle of 70°, is 0.20% or more and 0.90% or less. (a) The Y value of the brightness of the roughened surface is 10.0 or more and 15.5 or less. (c) The Ssk of the roughened surface measured using a laser microscope is 0.30 or more and 0.80 or less.