The invention relates to a device for winding a rubber strip on the inner wall of a roller, comprising a roller, a roller wheel bracket, a limit rod, a stand, a rubber strip feeding mechanism, a movable platform mechanism, a rubber strip turning mechanism, a rubber strip guiding mechanism and a winding arm. The roller is arranged above the roller wheel bracket; the rubber strip feeding mechanism and the movable platform mechanism are respectively fixed above the stand; the rubber strip turning mechanism is fixed above the movable platform mechanism and on the side surface of the movable platform; and the winding arm is fixed under the movable platform. The invention realizes automatic winding of the rubber strip, furthest decreases the influence on winding effect caused by rotation sideslip of the roller, protrusion of welding joint on the inner wall of the roller, and the like, replaces manual winding working mode of an operator to reduce the labor intensity of the technical personnel, improves the efficiency of the winding process, and ensures the processing quality. The invention can be applied to the production of molding processes of rubber layers on the inner wall of rollers with different diameters, thereby having wide application prospect.