The invention belongs to the field of dust suppressant, and in particular relates to a novel environment-friendly road surface dust suppressant of which the raw materials consist of 4-6 parts of base oil, 93.5-95.5 parts of water and 0.1-1.0 part of surfactant by weight. The raw materials of the dust suppressant have the organic cooperation and synergistic effect, so that a road surface is kept wet and dust can be adhered, the effective dust suppression time is long, that is, more than 15 days, and the dust suppression efficiency is more than 80%; along with the increase of the times that the dust suppressant is sprayed on the road surface, the dust and grits thrown from vehicles on the road surface can be adhered together to be formed into stable soil, and a layer of oil film is formed on the road surface, so that the function or maintaining and protecting a road is achieved; the application range is wide, that is, except for being used for suppressing dust on roads of strip mines, the dust suppressant can also be widely applied to dust suppression in fields such as urban road construction, refuse dump, tailings warehouses, bulk material fields and the like; and the raw materials are wide in resource, the price is low, the preparation method is simple, convenient and easy to carry out, and therefore, the dust suppressant is applicable to large-scale popularization and application.