The invention discloses a polylactic acid-based 3D printing composite material capable of continuously emitting light, and preparation thereof. The composite material is prepared from, by mass, long afterglow fluorescent powder, KH570 and polylactic acid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the long-afterglow fluorescent powder into ethanol, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, adding KH570, adjusting the pH value, refluxing, cooling, washing, carrying out vacuum drying to constant weight, and grinding to obtain KH570 modified fluorescent powder; carrying out vacuum drying on polylactic acid, and blending with KH570 modified fluorescent powder to obtain a blend; and performing melt manufacturing on the blend through a 3D printing extruder, and extruding and drawing to obtain the polylactic acid-based 3D printing composite material capable of continuously emitting light. According to the preparation method, the combination of a long-afterglow luminescent material and a 3D printing technology is realized, and the prepared 3D printing composite material not only can continuously emit light, but also has good mechanical properties, can be applied to the aspects of medicine, the manufacturing industry, the food industry, the industry, the jewelry industry and the like, and greatly expands the application field of 3D printing.