181results about How to "Improve feed conversion" patented technology

An isolated Bacillus strain LSSAO1 is provided. When fed to a bird, this and other Bacillus strains described herein provide benefits to the birds. For example, administration of the one or more Bacillus strain can increase low G+C, gram positive bacteria in the gastrointestinal flora of the bird. These type of bacteria are increased by antibiotics and include beneficial Clostridium. Administration of the one or more Bacillus strain can also inhibit pathogen in the bird, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium. These benefits can enhance feed conversion in poultry. Useful combinations of Bacillus strains and methods of using one or more Bacillus strain are also provided.

An isolated Bacillus strain LSSAO1 is provided. When fed to a bird, this and other Bacillus strains described herein provide benefits to the birds. For example, administration of the one or more Bacillus strain can increase low G+C, gram positive bacteria in the gastrointestinal flora of the bird. These type of bacteria are increased by antibiotics and include beneficial Clostridium. Administration of the one or more Bacillus strain can also inhibit pathogen in the bird, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium. These benefits can enhance feed conversion in poultry. Useful combinations of Bacillus strains and methods of using one or more Bacillus strain are also provided.

A preparation method of a microecological culture feed additive belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed additive. A solid fermentation medium comprises 40% of wheat bran, 10% of corn, 9% of soybean meal, 0.5% of urea, 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% of manganese sulfate, 0.2% of calcium chloride and 40% of water. fermentation strains include plant lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae in a ratio of 1:2:2. The method comprises the following steps: crushing, sieving, mixing, disinfecting, preparing fermentation bacteria liquid, inoculating fermentation strains and obtaining a finished product. The microecological culture feed additive provided by the invention combines functions of nutrition and health care, has no toxic or side-effect or pollution, and can improve antioxidation capability and immunization function of a weaning pigling, increase daily weight gain of the pigling and forage conversion rate, reduce diarrhoea rate, reduce or prevent pigling weaning stress syndrome and substitute antibiotic additive in forage.

The invention describes a process for the conversion of heavy carbon-containing fractions having an initial boiling point of at least 300° C. to upgradable lighter products, said process comprising passage of said feed through a hydrorefining reaction zone comprising at least one moving-bed reactor, and passage of at least a portion of the effluent from stage a) through a hydroconversion reaction zone comprising at least one three-phase reactor, in the presence of hydrogen, said reactor containing at least one hydroconversion catalyst and operating in ebullating-bed mode, with an ascending current of liquid and gas and comprising at least one means of withdrawing said catalyst out of said reactor and at least one means of adding fresh catalyst into said reactor, under conditions making it possible to obtain a liquid feed with a reduced content of Conradson carbon, metals, sulphur and nitrogen.

The invention relates to a method for producing a protein feed by using gingko leaf residue as a raw material for mixed strain solid-state fermentation. Activation and multiplication culture are respectively performed on candida tropicalis, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum, so as to obtain four liquid strains; after the gingko leaf residue is dried and smashed, a certain amount of water and a nitrogen source are added, and after mixing and sterilizing, the gingko leaf residue is taken as a solid-state fermentation culture medium; the four liquid strains are inoculated to the solid-state fermentation culture medium according to certain proportions, after sufficient mixing, fermentation for 72 to 120 hours can be performed at a nature pH value under the temperature of 28 to 30 DEG C, and after drying, a gingko leaf residue protein feed can be obtained. In the protein feed, the coarse protein content of the protein feed is high and can reach 46 percent, the nutritional ingredients are complete, the palatability is excellent, the production performance and the feed conversion rate of livestock and poultry can be effectively improved, the preparation method is simple in process, the cost is low, and the mass production can be achieved. The invention further provides a way for using the gingko leaf residue which is a waste material in forestry processing.

A composition comprising a mixture of fatty acids such as oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids and derivatives thereof which are used for enhancing weight gain in a mammal. Methods to enhance weight gain using the fatty acid compositions are also described.

A novel strain of lactic acid bacteria was found to be heat resistant and able to grow in a sulfur-limiting medium (SLM) containing a high concentration of sodium selenite. The microorganism is a non-spore forming and Gram-positive coccus, which is identified with >90% confidence using the API biochemical and sugar fermentation tests, ribotyoing and 16S rRNA sequencing as Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80. In the current study, P. pentosaceus SP80 grown on SLM containing 250 ppm sodium selenite produced both organic and inorganic forms of selenium. These selenium compounds can be separated using an anion exchange chromatography technique. The concentrations of selenium detected in the organic and inorganic fractions were 4.34 and 21.7 ppm, respectively. Selenium-enriched bacteria are useful as a source of selenium for supplementing the diets of animals and humans. Animals fed efficacious amounts of the selenium-enriched bacteria show improved feed conversion rates and higher levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in heart, kidney and liver tissues indicating an increased absorption and retention of selenium over control diets.

The invention provides an environment-friendly and high-efficiency compound feed for young turtle and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises fish meal, alpha-starch, fermented bean meal, fish oil, yeast, methionine, lysine, milk powder, yolk powder, complex mineral premix for turtle feed, complex vitamin premix for turtle feed, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, enzyme preparation and Chinese herbal medicine additive; and the preparation method comprises the following steps: batching, primary cleaning, primary mixing, iron removing, crushing, secondary mixing and packaging. The formula of the feed is scientific and reasonable and improves the disease resistance of the young turtles; and the raw materials with high digestion and absorption rates are selected in the feed, which improves the feed transformation efficiency, reduces the discharge of the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphor and the like, and reduces pollution to the feeding water body, thus reducing the disease occurrence of the young turtles and the drug usage, and finally reaching the requirements of the ecological feeding, improving the feed absorption and utilization rates, satisfying the nutrition needs of the young turtles, reducing the breeding cost and the pollution to the water body; furthermore, the preparation method is scientific and reasonable and has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.

The present invention discloses a high nutrition health chicken feed and a preparation method thereof. Raw materials comprise 30-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of soybean meal powder, 12-13 parts of dry maggot powder, 9-12 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of bone meal, 4-5 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 3-4 parts of seaweed powder, 3-5 parts of shrimp shell, 2-4 parts of sunflower leaves, 3-5 parts of dehydrated carrot, 1-2 parts of dehydrated marigold, 0.2-0.3 part of gravy salt, and a proper amount of an additive and a phagostimulant. The health chicken fed with the high nutrition health chicken feed has characteristics of strong immunity, fast production, high feed conversion rate, robust shape, bright color feathers, fresh meat, and no raw meat odor.

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for enhancing chick immunity and antioxidant capacity, relates to a traditional Chinese medicine additive for the health care, antioxidation and immunity enhancement of a chick, and comprises Astragalus root, Atractylodes macrocephaia, radix saposhinikoviae, lanceolata, poria cocos, tangerine peel, hawthorn, and Epimedium. The preparation method comprises the steps of making available raw ingredients, extraction, concentration, starch adding, drying and crushing. The appearance of patent medicine presents luteotestaceous powdery state, the granularity and the bulk density are uniform, the adhesiveness is strong when being added into feeds, and the colour and the luster are concordant without leading the feeds to be dyed and discolored. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation effectively reduces the chick morbidity, enhances the daily growing weight rising of the chickens and feed conversion rate, and has immunological enhancement effect and antioxidation effect.

A feed additive composition comprising a direct fed microbial (DFM), in combination with a xylanase (e.g. endo-1,4-β-d-xylanase) and a β-glucanase (and optionally a further fibre degrading enzyme), wherein the DFM is selected from the group consisting of an enzyme producing strain; a C5 sugar-fermenting strain; a short-chain fatty acid-producing strain; a fibrolytic, endogenous microflora-promoting strain; or combinations thereof. The DFM may be selected from the group consisting of: Bacillus subtilis AGTP BS3BP5, Bacillus subtilis AGTP BS442, B. subtilis AGTP BS521, B. subtilis AGTP BS918, Bacillus subtilis AGTP BS1013, B. subtilis AGTP BS1069, B. subtilis AGTP 944, B. pumilus AGTP BS 1068 or B. pumilus KX11-1, Enterococcus faecium ID7, Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-1-3698, Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-1-3699, a strain having all the characteristics thereof, any derivative or variant thereof, and combinations thereof and the further fibre degrading enzyme may be selected from the group consisting of a cellobiohydrolase (E.C. 3.2.1.176 and E.C. 3.2.1.91), a β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21), a β-xylosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.37), a feruloyl esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.73), an α-arabinofuranosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.55), a pectinase (e.g. an endopolygalacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.15), an exopolygalacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.67) or a pectate lyase (E.C. 4.2.2.2)), or combinations thereof.

The invention provides a feed additive as well as a preparation method, an application and a corresponding feed thereof. The feed additive comprises a compound traditional Chinese medicine and other additives, wherein the compound traditional Chinese medicine comprises codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, rhizoma smilacis glabrae, liquorice, radix rehmanniae preparata, radix paeoniae alba, ligusticum wallichii, angelica sinensis, rhizoma atractylodis, mangnolia officinalis, dried tangerine or orange peel, fried endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, hawthorn, fried malt, rhizoma alismatis and carrier. The feed additive provided by the invention has the function of promoting the immunity and production performance of the pig herd in each stage, can be used for fully replacing antibiotics and also can effectively prevent and treat cad pig diseases.

A traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating chicken coccidiosis of the invention comprises antifeverile dichroa root, sweet wormwood, radix bupleuri, Chinese pulsatilla root, uncaria, hairyvein agrimony, and garden burnet, and the preparation method comprises the following steps of material preparation, extraction, condensation, starch addition, drying, and pulverization. The finishedmedicine is dark yellow powder in appearance, has uniform granularity and bulk density, has strong adhesion when added into feed, has a coordinated color, does not dye or discolor feed, has the efficacy of killing insect and protecting liver, cooling blood and haemostasis, eliminating dampness and relieving dysentery, clearing heat and detoxification, and is applicable to the treatment of chickencoccidiosis and mixed infection of coccidia and bacteria.

The present invention discloses feed additive, and is especially one kind of compound pig feed additive and its preparation process. The compound pig feed additive has Chinese medicine materials, trace elements and vitamins in certain weight proportion as key materials, and is powder additive prepared through grinding, stirring, extracting and other refining steps. It is mixed with basic feed, and the mixture is soaked to obtain loose composite feed. It is safe, and has the functions of increasing weight of pig, raising disease resistance of pig, speeding the growth of pig and raising the feed utilization.

The invention discloses a complete pellet feed for lactational milk goat barn feeding farming, which comprises two main parts of 36-40% of fine feed premix and 60-64% of coarse feed; the coarse feed selects local coarse feed resources of green hay without mildew or contamination, cereal straws and the like. The invention also discloses a preparation method and an application method of the feed. The complete pellet feed can significantly improve feed conversion rate of lactational milk goat, and improve and increase milk yield.

The invention describes a process for the conversion of heavy carbon-containing fractions having an initial boiling point of at least 300° C. to upgradable lighter products, said process comprising passage of said feed through a hydrorefining reaction zone comprising at least one moving-bed reactor, and passage of at least a portion of the effluent from stage a) through a hydroconversion reaction zone comprising at least one three-phase reactor, in the presence of hydrogen, said reactor containing at least one hydroconversion catalyst and operating in ebullating-bed mode, with an ascending current of liquid and gas and comprising at least one means of withdrawing said catalyst out of said reactor and at least one means of adding fresh catalyst into said reactor, under conditions making it possible to obtain a liquid feed with a reduced content of Conradson carbon, metals, sulphur and nitrogen.

The invention discloses a fermentation concentrate supplement for dairy cattle and a preparation method of the fermentation concentrate supplement, belonging to the technical field of feed for the dairy cattle. The fermentation concentrate supplement for the dairy cattle is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350-430 parts of corns, 250-300 parts of bean pulp, 15-23 parts of mountain flour, 10-15 parts of salt, 12-18 parts of baking soda, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.5-1 part of enzyme specially used for the dairy cattle, 35-45 parts of oil, 200-250 parts of molasses, 1-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of yeast, 0.2-0.5 part of multivitamin specially used for the dairy cattle, 0.5-1.5 parts of trace elements specially used for the dairy cattle, 3-6 parts of fulvic acid, 0.5-1 part of rumen protected choline and 0.5-2 parts of sodium diacetate. The fermentation concentrate supplement is capable of promoting the microbial breeding, improving the functions of rumen, promoting the digestive absorption of a feed and improving the utilization rate of the feed; after the fermentation concentrate supplement is adopted, the immunity is improved, the milk yield is increased, and the milk quality is improved.

The invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry culture, particularly to a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for increasing feed intake and feed conversion rate of livestock and poultry, and a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicinal composition, a preparation of the traditional Chinese medicinal composition and a feed of the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from Alpinia katsumadai, exsiccated sodium sulfate, Hordeum vulgare sprout, processed Crataegus pinnatifida, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Angelica sinensis, and Areca catechu. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition, the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation and the feed have the effects of replenishing Qi to invigorate the spleen, promoting digestion and relieving stasis, eliminating heat and purging fire and stimulating appetite and benefiting intestines, are simple in production process and low in cost, have no toxic or side effects, and can increase the feed intake and the feed conversion rate of livestock and poultry, improve the colors and characteristics of feces, and improve the quality and yield of the livestock and poultry products.

A composite forage for high-quality yellow-feather meat chicken is prepared from 22 raw materials including yellow corn, soybean cake, soybean oil, edible salt, choline chloride, garlicin, etc.

The present invention provides a composition comprising a polymer of a β-hydroxy short-medium chain fatty acid, which is used for delivering the β-hydroxy short-medium chain fatty acid or an oligomer thereof to the large intestine. In case the composition is administrated orally, the composition will be delivered to the large intestine, without being degraded in the stomach or short intestine, and degraded by the large intestinal bacterial flora and release the short-medium chain fatty acid or an oligomer thereof. The released short-medium chain fatty acid or an oligomer thereof has useful physiological activities and is effective for treating or preventing inflammatory diseases or cancer in the large intestine.

The present invention relates to animal feed additives, which additives comprise a monocomponent xylanase derived from a strain of Byssochlamus, Chaetomium, Humicola, Malbranchea, Mucor, Myceliophthora, Paecilomyces, Talaromyces, Thermoascus, or Thielavia. In other aspects, the invention relates to monocomponent xylanase preparations, DNA constructs, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, and methods of producing monocomponent xylanase preparations.

The invention provides a novel eucommia feed additive and a production method thereof. The production method comprises the steps of adding water into dried eucommia leaves, performing extraction under 50-60 DEG C for 4-6 hours, and pumping leach liquor into a storage tank; then adding water for secondary leaching, and combining the leach liquor; adding a natural clarifying agent into the leach liquor, stirring for 30 minutes, and stewing for one night for precipitation; extracting supernate into a vacuum concentrator, separating lower suspension through a tubular centrifugal machine, combining filtrate and supernate, performing vacuum concentration under 60 DEG C, and controlling the baume degree of a concentrated solution to be 28-32; atomizing the concentrated solution under the temperature of 170-180 DEG C to instantly dry the particles to form the novel eucommia feed additive. Contents of effective components such as chlorogenic acid, eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides and eucommia ulmoides flavonoids in the novel eucommia feed additive are high; the quality is stable; the novel eucommia feed additive is suitable for healthy breeding for animals such as pigs, livestock, fish and shrimps and has the effects of replacing antibiotic, enhancing the anti-disease immunity of the livestock, reducing the breeding periodic death rate, increasing the feed conversion rate, improving the meat quality, promoting animal growth, reducing ammonia-nitrogen output amount and the like.

The invention relates to a novel poultry micro-ecological preparation and a preparation method of the novel poultry micro-ecological preparation. The preparation comprises following components in part by weight: 0.8-3.5 parts of vitamin A, 0.2-0.8 part of vitamin D, 2-8 parts of vitamin E, 0.2-1.2 parts of vitamin K, 0.1-0.9 part of vitamin B1, 0.2-0.8 part of vitamin B2, 0.1-0.7 part of vitamin B6, 0.08-0.5 part of vitamin B12, 2-5 parts of nicotinamide, 0.8-3.5 parts of calcium pantothenate, 0.02-0.4 part of folic acid, 0.2-1.2 parts of biotin, 0.02-2 parts of vitamin C, 1.3-32 parts of enterococcus faecium, 27-155 parts of bacillus subtilis, 75-210 parts of oligosaccharide, 150-400 parts of pine needle meal and 400-600 parts of bentonite. The novel poultry micro-ecological preparation can improve daily gain, feed intake, feed conversation efficiency of young poultry, reduces death and culling rate of the young poultry, and improves reproductive performance of breeding poultry, laying rate, fertilization rate of hatching eggs, hatching rate, and healthy rate of the young poultry. According to the invention, as double-layer shallow coating is performed to enterococcus faecium, the stress resistance of enterococcus faecium is improved.

The invention provides a compound feed of a mature trionyx sinensis and a preparation method thereof. The compound feed comprises fish meal, alpha-starch, fermented soya bean meal, fish oil, yeast, methionine, lysine, milk powder, yolk powder, compound mineral premix for trionyx sinensis feeds, compound vitamin premix for the trionyx sinensis feeds, monocalcium phosphate, enzymic preparations and Chinese medicinal herb additives. The preparation process comprises the following steps of: charging materials; initially cleaning; mixing for the first time; removing iron; smashing; mixing for the second time; and packaging. The invention has scientific and reasonable collocation of a feed formula, enhances the disease resistance of the mature trionyx sinensis, selects feed raw materials with high digestive absorption rate, enhances the conversion rate of the feed, decreases the diseases of the mature trionyx sinensis by reducing the discharge of pollutants, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like, and the pollution of culturing water bodies, finally meets the requirements for ecological culture by reducing medicine dosage, enhances the absorption utilization rate of the feed, and can meet the nutritional requirements of the mature trionyx sinensis, reduce the culture cost and also reduce the pollution of the water bodies; in addition, the preparation method is scientific and reasonable and has outstanding economic benefit and environmental benefit.

The invention relates to ramie feed for herbivorous animals. The ramie feed comprises the following components in percent by weight: 40%-70% of ramie grass powder, 8%-20% of leguminous forage grass, 8%-20% of gramineous forage grass or crop straw powder, 10%-20% of corn meal and / or soybean meal, 1%-4% of premix, 1%-2% of molasses, 0.3%-0.5% of salt and 1%-2% of grease. The ramie grass powder is formed by drying and crushing ramie stems and leaves. The ramie feed is suitable for the herbivorous animals such as cows, sheep, rabbits and gooses, and has the advantages that the proportion of grain materials in daily ration of the herbivorous animals can be effectively reduced, the culture process of matching of fine and coarse materials is eliminated, the production cost is reduced and the digestion rate of the herbivorous animals and the feed conversion rate can be increased, so that the daily gain is increased, further the dressing percentage is further improved, the fattening period is shortened, and the fattening effect of feed grain is reduced.

Compositions comprising a mixture of fatty acids or derivatives thereof derived from secretions of the uropygial glands of birds are disclosed. This composition, named an avian appeasing pheromone, can be used to decrease stress, anxiety and agressiveness in birds.

The invention belongs to the fields of a feed composition and feed processing, particularly relates to a compound feed for promoting the development of the muscular stomach of a broiler, and further provides a preparation method of the feed. The content of crude fibers in percentage by mass of the compound feed is greater than or equal to 4%, and the compound feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of corn, 3-15 parts of whole wheat grains, 1-3 parts of tropina, 1-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-5 parts of oat hull, 0.8-2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2.5 parts of amino acids, 0.05-0.3 part of sodium humate, 0.05-0.1 part of a mycotoxin adsorbent, 0.02-0.1 part of betaine, 0.1-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.05-0.3 part of a compound enzyme preparation, 0.5 part of a compound premix, 3-6 parts of fat, and 0.5-5 parts of probiotics. The compound feed disclosed by the invention can notably increase the weight of fresh chicken's gizzards, compared with the weight of each fresh chicken's gizzards of a broiler fed with a common feed, the weight of each fresh chicken's gizzard of the broiler fed with the compound feed is increased by 2-5 grams, and compared with the weight of each fresh chicken's gizzards of a broiler fed with granular feeds, the weight of each fresh chicken's gizzard of the broiler fed with the compound feed is increased by 8-15 grams.

The invention discloses high-efficiency and environment-friendly compound feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The high-efficiency and environment-friendly compound feed is prepared from composite bacillus, phytase or compound enzyme, fish meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, double-low rapeseed meal, high-precision flour, soybean lecithin, soybean oil, choline chloride, vitamin C-phosphate (35%), monocalcium phosphate, lysine, methionine, sodium chloride, an adhesive, compound multi-vitamin and compound multi-mineral. According to the high-efficiency and environment-friendly compound feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco, all-nutrient requirements for high-intensity culture of pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be met, the growth speed is high, the feed conversion rate is high, and the feed coefficient is 0.86-1.2. Meanwhile, the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultured with the feed are reduced by 8%-12% and 4%-15% respectively while compared with those of pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultured with other commercial feed.

The invention relates to a spartina alterniflora compound feed for Chinese mitten crabs, and belongs to the technical field of compound feeds for aquatic products. The spartina alterniflora compound feed is prepared from 30-60 parts of fish meal, 140-280 parts of soybean meal, 110-220 parts of rapeseed meal, 65-130 parts of flour, 40-80 parts of peanut meal, 40-81 parts of blood cell protein powder, 10-20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of a shrimp and crab premix, 15-30 parts of fish oil, 1.25-2.5 parts of choline chloride, 15-30 parts of bentonite, 15-30 parts of stone powder, 20-40 parts of cuttlefish paste, 0.5-1 part of a spartina alterniflora feed additive, 0.1-0.25 part of an antioxidant and 0.5-1.0 part of a mildewproof agent. When the spartina alterniflora compound feed is used in the same breeding area and in the same management mode, the best water stability, the best economic benefits and the best breeding effects are achieved.

The invention discloses an active-probiotic-containing feed additive as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The active-probiotic-containing feed additive is obtained from a lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus and yeast mixed bacteria solution and auxiliaries by mixing, solid fermentation, low-temperature drying, grinding and compounding with oligosaccharide. The product contains rich bioactive substances (immune factors, organic acids, antibacterial substances and growth promotion substances), various digestive enzymes, bioactive small peptides, free amino acids and various live probiotics. After being added to feed, the feed additive can prevent and treat bacterial diarrhea and lienteric diarrhea, immunity and anti-stress capacity of animal organisms can be improved, digestibility of animals can be improved, feed conversion ratio can be increased, animal growth can be promoted, meat quality and flavor can be improved, use of drugs such as antibiotics and the like can be reduced remarkably or avoided, survival rate of the animals can be increased, production cost can be reduced, and environmental pollution can be reduced.