The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering materials testing, in particular to a multifunctional linkage device integrating sewage time-sharing sampling and permeation coefficient testing and a working method of the multifunctional linkage device. The device mainly comprises two parts, wherein a first part is a device A and mainly comprises a power supply channel, a cylindrical overflow port, a water cylinder, an overflow water tank, a water tank overflow port, a test sample bracket, a test sample, a dial gauge, a sewage sampling pipe, a high-precision flow gauge, an electronic thermometer, a working table I and the like; a second part is a device B and mainly comprises a working water bucket, a water draining bucket, a propeller, a water pump, a power switch, a water pump electronic control assembly, a propeller electronic control assembly, a guide rod rotation driver, a working table II and the like; the device A and the device B are connected through one water supply guide pipe and two water draining guide pipes, and accordingly, the multifunctional linkage device is formed. Therefore, the condition of sewage permeation of a porous pavement in a real environment can be simulated, samples of sewage filtered by the test sample are obtained at different moments, the permeation coefficient of the test sample is tested simultaneously, the water resource is recycled, and the operation is simple.