139 results about "Mesosphere" patented technology

An electrochromic variable reflectance mirror for a vehicle includes a reflector/electrode on the third surface of the mirror. This reflector/electrode forms an integral electrode in contact with the electrochromic media, and may be a single layer of a highly reflective material or may comprise a series of coatings. When a series of coatings is used for the reflector/electrode, there should be a base coating which bonds to the glass surface and resists any adverse interaction, e.g., corrosive action, with the constituents comprising the electrochromic media, an optional intermediate layer (or layers) which bonds well to the base coating and resists any adverse interaction with the electrochromic media, and at least one highly reflective layer which directly contacts the electrochromic media and which is chosen primarily for its high reflectance, stable behavior as an electrode, resistance to adverse interaction with the materials of the electrochromic media, resistance to atmospheric corrosion, resistance to electrical contact corrosion, the ability to adhere to the base or intermediate layer(s) (if present) and to the epoxy seal, and ease of cleaning. If a base layer is deposited it preferably covers the entire third surface; however, when this is done the highly reflective layer may optionally only coat the central portion of the third surface and not the perimeter edge portion. The third surface reflector/electrode provides of improved electrical interconnection techniques used to impart a voltage drive potential to a transparent conductor on the mirror's second surface.

The present invention provides a three-piece solid golf ball having long flight distance, by accomplishing high launch angle and low spin amount immediately after hitting, while maintaining soft and good shot feel when hitting at low head speed. The present invention relates to a three-piece solid golf ball comprising a center, an intermediate layer formed on the center, and an outer layer covering the intermediate layer, wherein the center has a central point hardness in JIS-C hardness of 55 to 75 and a surface hardness in JIS-C hardness of 65 to 85, the surface hardness is higher than the central point hardness by 10 to 20, a JIS-C hardness of the intermediate layer is higher than the surface hardness of the center by 10 to 20, and a JIS-C hardness of the outer layer is higher than the hardness of the intermediate layer by 5 to 15.

The invention discloses a fire detecting system applied to an unmanned helicopter and a fire detecting method thereof. The system comprises infrared image acquiring equipment and a signal processing flow network, wherein the signal processing flow network comprises an input layer, a middle layer and an output layer; the temperature gradient operator calculation is respectively carried out in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the direction of plus 45 degrees and the direction of minus 45 degrees in the center of a suspected area, and a calculation result is a basis of judging fire flame; a differential algorithm adopting interframe time difference as the time change rate is carried out by a method for subtracting absolute values of adjacent interframe pixel gray values, anda calculation result is used as a basis of judging a fire high-risk point. The invention rapidly recognizes the fire flame and the fire high-risk point by a platform with low cost and high efficiencyof the unmanned helicopter through an infrared camera, early warns a fire accurately in time and has the characteristics of manoeuvrability, high efficiency and no dead angle. A fire flame and fire high-risk point detecting algorithm designed by aiming at the detection of an infrared image is efficient, simple, practical and effective.

It is possible to provide a magnetic cell having a high developing rate of MR characteristics and a reduced fluctuation without causing element falling-down and a magnetic memory having the same. A magnetic cell includes: a lower electrode; an electrically conductive pillar formed on the lower electrode; a magnetoresistance effect film having at least two ferromagnetic layers formed on the electrically conductive pillar and an intermediate layer provided between the ferromagnetic layers; an upper electrode formed on the magnetoresistance effect film; a support layer formed from at least one metal directly on a side face of the electrically conductive pillar or via an insulating layer; and a current diffusion preventing layer provided between the support layer and the lower electrode, wherein a height of the electrically conductive pillar, a thickness of the current diffusion preventing layer, and a thickness of the support layer satisfy relationships of $h>t1+t2>\frac{30}{30+L}\times h$

where h represents the height of the electrically conductive pillar, t1 represents the thickness of the current diffusion preventing layer, t2 represents the thickness of the support layer, and L (nm) represents a length of a short side of the electrically conductive pillar.

The invention relates to a density forecast method of the chlorophyll a stemmed from a water body of the BP neural network. The density forecast method comprises the following steps: (1) the chlorophyll a in the tested water body and the value of other correlative water quality index which influences the chlorophyll a are acquired as the examination data. (2) The neural network of an error back propagation is established. (3) The neural network is trained and tested. (4) The neural network which passes the test is utilized to forecast the chlorophyll a in the water body. Other water qualities which influence the chlorophyll a are: Ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, permanganate index, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspension, five-day biochemical oxygen demand. The step (1) also comprises a normalization process. The data of the chlorophyll a and other ten water quality indexes are between -1 and +1 after the data of the chlorophyll a and other ten water quality indexes are normalized. The neural network comprises an input layer, an intermediate layer and an output layer. The invention can establish a forecast model related to the chlorophyll a, just needing the experiment which has the limited times. The chlorophyll in the river can be accurately and quickly forecasted through the computer simulation experiment and the science forecast.

A multilayer armor is provided that includes a first rigid layer, a second rigid layer, and an interlayer securing the first and second rigid layers to one another. At least one of the first and second rigid layers can include a plurality of regions with a physical or material property that varies between the regions. The interlayer can have a force-extension ratio of 5,600 psi/in or less. The interlayer can have a physical or material property that varies within the interlayer.

A three-piece solid golf ball having a solid core, an intermediate layer enclosing the solid core, and a cover layer enclosing the intermediate layer and having a large number of dimples formed in its surface, characterized in that the core deforms as much as 3.4 to 4.1 mm under a load which changes from 10 kg to 130 kg, the intermediate layer has a surface hardness of 64 to 69 in terms of Shore D hardness, the cover layer is formed mainly from thermoplastic polyurethane such that it has a lower hardness than the intermediate layer, with the difference in hardness between the cover layer and the intermediate layer being 10 to 16 in terms of Shore D hardness, the intermediate layer and the cover layer have a total thickness of 2.2 to 3.0 mm, the cover layer has a thickness of 0.8 to 1.3 mm, and the dimples have at least four different diameters and/or depths, with the average depth being 0.14 to 0.17 mm, and amount to 250 to 390 in all. The three-piece solid golf ball exhibits adequate spin performance by iron shot and approach shot. It also exhibits good flying performance and durability.

Being in use for shielding strong magnetic field (MF), the magnetic shielding device with multilaminar composite structure solves issue that the design of magnetic shielding photomultiplier is unable to shield strong MF. Using multilaminar composite structure, the magnetic shielding device includes three layers from outer to inner: silicon steel assembly as middle layer, alloy assembly as inner layer, and solenoidal inductor as outer layer. The solenoidal inductor generates MF opposite to outer MF so as to weaken strong MF greatly. With higher saturation of MF, the silicon steel assembly reduces outer MF to a few Gauss further. Possessing quite high magnetic permeability of weak MF, the alloy assembly in innermost layer reduces residual MF to lower than 0.001 Gauss being far lower than level of earth MF. The invention makes shielded photomultiplier operate normally under strong MF. The invention has wide application in technical areas of nuclear electronics and nuclear detection.

The present invention relates to a multilayer hose for compressed air comprising, in this order:

• • an outer layer (1) made of polyamide,
  • optionally an intermediate layer (2) of a polymer having a flexural modulus of less than 500 MPa,
  • an inner layer (3) of a polymer having a flexural modulus of greater than 1100 MPa, the inner layer (3) being in contact with the compressed air.

A flexible, wrappable multilayered heat shield is provided. The heat shield includes a reflective metal outermost layer, an innermost layer of high temperature yarn capable of withstanding temperatures up to about 650 degrees° C. continuously, and about 750° C. intermittently, and an intermediate layer of nonwoven material capable of withstanding temperatures up to about 550° C. continuously sandwiched between the outermost and innermost layers.

The multilayered steel armour consisting of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer (1) and the backing armour layer (2), which are fully metallurgically bonded by means of at least one joining metallic intermediate layer (3), for example, by casting, wide-area welding techniques, using technology of explosive cladding (high-velocity impact cladding), by roll welding or by a combination of the previous techniques. The joining metallic intermediate layer (3) between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer (1) and the backing armour layer (2) is made from the material featuring the face-centered cubic crystalline lattice (FCC lattice), in particular, from the nickel alloy containing maximally 98.0 wt % of nickel and/or from steel.

The invention discloses a metasurface polarization regulator. The metasurface polarization regulator is composed of five structural layers. The top layer and the bottom layer are period metal micro-structure layers, the middle layer is a metal film layer, and the top layer, the bottom layer and the middle metal layer are separated by the insulating medium layers. The regulator works in a near infrared band, and the whole thickness of a system is far smaller than the working wavelength; the transmission rate of normal incidence electromagnetic waves is higher than 80%; as geometric parameters of the structure and the physical performances of relative materials are adjusted, the whole phase interval of 0-360 degrees can be covered with the phase difference between transmitted waves of an x component and transmitted waves of a y component, and therefore free adjustment of the polarization state of the electromagnetic waves can be achieved; for example, the transmission polarization state of electromagnetic waves transmitted through linear polarization can be transformed into the circular polarization state, the elliptical polarization state or the linear polarization state or even the complete polarization inversion state.

The invention relates to an Al-Cu transient liquid phase diffusion bonding method of Al alloy, comprising the following steps: 1, carrying out pre-welding treatment on a workpiece, mechanically processing the surface of an Al alloy part subject to machine-shaping, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the aluminum alloy part in acetone to remove greasy dirt and other impurities; 2, preparing an intermediate layer, firstly preplacing a Cu plating layer with the thickness of 310 mu m by a plating mode on the surface of the Al alloy; and 3, placing a workepiece group to be connected to a braze welding furnace according to a required connection mode, applying a balance weight on the sample, heating the workpiece to a temperature ranging from 550 to 560 DEG C, insulating for 1-10min, stopping heating, cooling down the sample along with the furnace to below 200 DEG C, taking out of the sample and cooling in air to room temperature to finish connection, wherein the weight of the balance weight is determined according to the area of the soldered joint by generally taking the weight capable of providing 0.02MPa pressure on the connection surface as a criterion, and the connection environmental requirement is that the vacuum degree is larger than or equal to 4 *10<-3>Pa.

The deposition temperature of the HDP film can be controlled to 365° C. or below, preferably within a temperature range of 335° C. to 365° C., and more preferably 335° C. to 350° C., or at 350° C. Thus, it becomes possible to suppress signal deterioration due to dark current and an increase in fine white defects, and to prevent deterioration of picture quality, even when the HDP film with a favorable embedding capability between fine wiring is used as an interlayer insulation film. An RF power is set to 850 W to 1500 W, so that dark current can be suppressed even more. Further, a plasma silicon nitride film with a refractive index of 1.9 or more and 2.15 or less for a blue wavelength is formed, so that it becomes possible to suppress the lowering of a blue sensitivity in the light receiving elements to further improve picture quality.

An armor that is used, for example, in multi-cell missile launchers is disclosed. In some embodiments, the armor includes three layers. The inner-most layer undergoes explosive welding when exposed to a pressure wave from an explosion. An intermediate layer in-elastically deforms when exposed to the explosion. The third and outer-most layer includes a plurality of elongated, pressurized tubes that contain fire retardant, among other chemicals. Silicone gel is interposed between the tubes.

A metal dielectric film wideband pulse compressed grating used in 800nm center wavelength consists of a metal layer, a matching layer consisting of dielectric films and a grating etching layer which are sequentially arranged on a quartz substrate from the inside out and integrated together, and the outermost layer is SiO2. The rectangular grating has the period of 490-640nm, and the duty cycle of 0.2-0.4. The interlayer of the grating etching layer is a high-refractivity layer, the inner layer and the outer layer of the grating etching layer are low-refractivity layers SiO2; the outer layer of the matching layer is a high-refractivity layer, and the inner layer of the matching layer is a low-refractivity layer; and the thickness of the gold layer is larger than 50nm. By adopting the metal dielectric film wideband pulse compressed grating at the 700-909 nm band, the -1-level reflection and diffraction efficiencies of TE polarization are larger than 90 percent at the incidence angle of 53 DEG; and when the grating is at the 800nm incident wavelength, the -1-level reflection and diffraction efficiencies of TE polarization are larger than 90 percent at the incidence angle of 29-65 DEG. The metal dielectric film wideband pulse compressed grating can be used as a pulse compressed grating of a high-power ultrashort impulse laser system.

The present invention concerns a ballistic protection against objects such as projectiles from fire arms, alternatively scatter from for example hand grenades. The protection comprises an enclosure (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9) adapted so that the object (10) can penetrate the enclosure (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9) in at least one area (2); at least one intermediate layer (3) comprising granules (27) arranged within the enclosure (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9), which intermediate layer (3) and enclosure (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9) are arranged to deaccelerate said object (10). The invention is further characterized in that: the granules (27) are movable arranged with respect to each other; the space in the intermediate layer (3) that is not occupied by granules (27) is filled by a gas medium to enable contact between adjacent granules (27); the granules (27) have mechanical properties so that a granule (27) is crushed and spread in the intermediate layer (3) when it is hit by an object (10), at the same time as adjacent granules (27) are subjected to impulses with a subsequent energy dissipation so that the object and fragments thereof remains in the protection with a reduced risk for ricochets.

A three-dimensional temperature reconstruction combination method based on a flame light field refocus image is disclosed. The invention relates to the three-dimensional temperature reconstruction combination method based on the flame light field refocusing image. By using an existing nearest neighbor method, the physical reconstruction precision of the outermost layer and secondary outer layer offlames is low, and when a Lucy-Richardson deconvolution method is used in intermediate layer flame physical reconstruction, the precision is low. In the invention, the above problems are solved. Themethod has the following steps of 1, using a light field camera to shoot the flame and record the three-dimensional light field image of the flame; 2, acquiring the light field refocusing image of theflame; 3, acquiring the point spread function of the light field camera; 4, acquiring a flame chromatography image; and 5, acquiring a fitting relationship between a black body plane surface radiation force and a gray scale, and reconstructing the radiation force for the gray scale of the flame chromatography image based on the fitting relationship, and according to the radiation force, acquiringa three-dimensional flame temperature. The method is used for the flame image processing field during a high temperature flame temperature reconstruction process.

The invention provides a golf ball composed of a core, a cover having a plurality of dimples on an outside surface thereof, and an intermediate layer disposed between the core and the cover. The core has a deflection, when compressed under a final load of 130 kgf from an initial load of 10 kgf, of at least 3.0 mm but not more than 5.0 mm. The intermediate layer is formed of a highly neutralized resin material, and has a Shore D hardness of at least 40 but not more than 60 and a thickness of at least 1.7 mm but not more than 4.0 mm. The number of dimples is at least 272 but not more than 348. The golf ball, through a combination of dimples which do not cause a loss of lift in the low-velocity, low-spin rate region of the ball trajectory and a low-spin construction, travels farther and is therefore beneficial for competitive use by both skilled and amateur golfers.

The invention discloses an Ohmic contact preparation method for a n-typed SiC semiconductor unit, which mainly solves the problems that the Ohmic contact annealing temperature of the n-typed SiC material is high and poor match is existing in the interface. The process of the method comprises the following steps: a substrate of the n-typed SiC is pretreated, and P<+> ion is implanted to the substrate of the n-typed SiC twice to form n-traps; the n-traps are implanted by Ge<+> ion for four times to form a SiC:Ge mesosphere which is annealed under the protection of C membrane, metal is deposited on the annealed mesosphere of the SiC:Ge, then an electrode zone is defined and an electrode is prepared. The method of the invention has the advantages of low annealing temperature, being lower than the contact resistance and the square resistance, and can be applied to the Ohmic contact preparation of n-typed SiC semiconductor units.