329results about "Sub-atmospheric pressure processes" patented technology

A pressurization type method for manufacturing elementary metal may include a metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation of, in a state where an outlet of a chamber having a substrate is closed, increasing a pressure in the chamber by providing a metal precursor gas consisting of metal precursors, thereby adsorbing the metal precursors onto the substrate, a main purging operation of purging a gas after the metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation, a reaction gas dosing operation of providing a reaction gas to reduce the metal precursors adsorbed on the substrate to elementary metal, after the main purging operation, and a main purging operation of purging a gas after the reaction gas dosing operation.

A method for producing nano-carbon materials, having a step wherein a starting material comprising one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, saturated cyclic hydrocarbons, and alcohols whose atomic ratio of the component carbon to the component oxygen is more than 2.0 and a catalyst are together treated at a temperature in a range of from 100 to 800° C. while being compressed at a pressure in a range of from 0.2 to 60 MPa, where said starting material is converted into a supercritical fluid or a subcritical fluid while said supercritical fluid or said subcritical fluid being contacted with said catalyst, or a step wherein said starting material, said catalyst and a supplementary material capable of functioning as a reaction promotion medium are together treated at a temperature in a range of from 100 to 800° C. while being compressed at a pressure in a range of from 0.2 to 60 MPa, where at least said supplementary material is converted into a supercritical fluid or a subcritical fluid and said starting material is contacted with said supercritical fluid or said subcritical fluid formed from said supplementary material while being contacted with said catalyst.

A technique for bonding an organic group with the surface of fine particles such as nanoparticles through strong linkage is provided, whereas such fine particles are attracting attention as materials essential for development of high-tech products because of various unique excellent characteristics and functions thereof. Organically modified metal oxide fine particles can be obtained by adapting high-temperature, high-pressure water as a reaction field to bond an organic matter with the surface of metal oxide fine particles through strong linkage. The use of the same condition enables not only the formation of metal oxide fine particles but also the organic modification of the formed fine particles. The resulting organically modified metal oxide fine particles exhibit excellent properties, characteristics and functions.

An extrusion system utilizes single or tandem extruders and a mixer-cooler to extrude a foamable extrudate through a die in a sealable chamber. The foamable extrudate is shaped and calibrated within the chamber. The die is mounted on the end of a gel tube projecting through a gland seal in a fixed bulkhead forming the upstream end of the chamber. The gel tube and mixer-cooler are mounted on a movable carriage, movement of which may be used to adjust the die with respect to shaping and calibrating equipment inside the chamber. The mixer-cooler achieves a selected narrow range of uniform viscosity of the melt at the die depending on the size of the product and density. The chamber is preferably a vacuum chamber producing low density foams. The product exits the chamber to atmosphere on a continuous basis through a submerged orifice in a water baffle immersion seal. The mixer-cooler enables a large size low density product to be produced with uniform cellular structure without cell collapse or density gradients, as the product is subjected to the pressure and temperature transformations passing from the chamber to atmosphere through the water. The seal includes the submerged orifice with a free wheeling guiding system upstream of the orifice. Immediately ahead of the guiding system, the parameters of the foam extrudate are sensed to control the configuration of the orifice on a continuous basis. Before the extrudate passes into the water baffle seal it moves over a floating dancer roll, the position of which controls a haul-off such as a vacuum belt at the tail end of the system. This avoids pushing on the extrudate.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

The invention provides a method and device for producing silicon monoxide. The method disclosed by the invention is mainly characterized in that a silicon-containing substance such as silicon oxide, monatomic silicon, silicon-containing gas (liquid) , and non-completely oxidized silicon, particularly dried solid silicon powder separated from diamond wire silicon cutting waste slurry is subjected to further oxidation (including incomplete oxidation), reduction or addition of silicon dioxide to approach to an ideal ratio of generation of silicon monoxide, and then a silicon monoxide gas is formed under a condition facilitating overflow of silicon monoxide, and then the gas is condensed into rod-shaped, plate-shaped, granular or powdery silicon monoxide. In one embodiment, an oxide layer (SiO2) on the surface of silicon particles (Si) is controlled, so that a silicon monoxide precursor can be prepared, and the preparation process can be oxidization of the silicon or reduction of overly-oxidized silicon-oxygen compounds, and optionally, in another embodiment of the present application, a silicon monoxide powder can be directly produced by utilizing incomplete oxidation of a silicon-containing gas.

Disclosed is a reaction apparatus for organic and/or other substance(s) employing supercritical fluid(s) and/or subcritical fluid(s) permitting injection of organic substance(s) and/or other reactant substance(s) in homogeneous state(s) to reactor(s) without occurrence of clogging at location(s) of such injection, and also permitting actuation to occur in industrial fashion and at high energy efficiency. Reactor(s) (12) of this reaction apparatus comprise cylinder(s) (12a) and piston(s) (12b) provided at such cylinder(s) (12a). Actuation in periodic fashion is permitted by operating piston(s) (12b) to compress fluid vapor(s) and obtain supercritical fluid(s) and/or subcritical fluid(s); operating piston(s) (12b) in reverse direction(s) following conclusion of chemical reaction(s) of reactant substance(s), lowering temperature(s) and pressure(s) and stopping reaction(s); and removing, from cylinder(s) (12a), product(s) obtained while at the same time delivering new charge(s) of fluid vapor(s) to cylinder(s) (12a).

The invention discloses a synthesis method and device for rapidly producing lactide at high yield. The method comprises the steps: adding a lactic acid single component or lactic acid into a catalystdouble component, enabling the mixture to enter an oligomer preparation system through a mixer, increasing the residence time through bottom circulation, synthesizing oligomeric lactic acid, and enabling a gas-phase component to pass through a rectification system, so as to improve the yield of oligomeric lactic acid; removing unreacted lactic acid and water from the oligomeric lactic acid througha purification device; and adding a catalyst into the light-component-removed oligomeric lactic acid, allowing the mixture to pass through a mixer, allowing the mixture to enter a depolymerization reactor, depolymerizing so as to obtain lactide, allowing heavy components to enter the depolymerization reactor again through reflux, and allowing light components to pass through a purification and recovery system so as to obtain the lactide product. With the adoption of the device, lactide can be efficiently synthesized, crude lactide with the yield of 94-98% can be obtained within short residence time of 0.5-5 minutes, the molecular weight of the heavy-component polylactic acid is slowly increased, and the heavy-component polylactic acid can be returned for depolymerization; after the lightcomponents pass through a simple purification system, the content of L-lactide, D-lactide or DL-lactide in the lactide product is 94%-98%, and the content of meso-lactide is 0.5%-5.5%.

A vacuum chamber (2) for a direct air capture process and enclosing an interior space (13) for housing an adsorber structure (1) is given comprising a contiguous circumferential wall structure (115) along an axis (15), which circumferential wall structure (115) in an axial direction is closed by an inlet and an outlet axial wall (116), respectively, both axial walls (116) comprising at least one closing stainless steel lid (6) allowing for, in an open position, gas to be circulated through the vacuum chamber (2) for passing an adsorber structure (1), and, in a closed position, to close the interior space (13) and to allow evacuation of the interior space (13) down to pressure of 500 mbar_abs or less.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for self-propagating high temperature synthesis of an inorganic compound from a combustible charge mixture of initial ingredients. The apparatus comprises mechanisms for continuously feeding the combustible charge into a reaction chamber and removing the synthesized compound therefrom. The apparatus also contains sensors to control and contain the combustion inside a combustion zone of the reaction chamber.

Compounds, synthesis of, and methods for synthesizing metal alkoxide derivatives; and metal alkoxide derivatives for use as flame retardants are described. Group 13 metal alkoxides having flame retardant properties may be prepared by reacting the group 13 metal trihydroxide with an alcohol.

The invention discloses a vacuum reaction device for chemical production. The vacuum reaction device comprises a kettle body, wherein a particle material feeding opening is formed in the top end of an outer wall of the left side of the kettle body, a powder material feeding opening is formed in the top end of an outer wall of the right side of the kettle body, and a particle material feeding device and a powder material feeding device are arranged on the upper left side and the upper right side of the kettle body. The vacuum reaction device for the chemical production disclosed by the invention can automatically finish a feeding process, achieves automatic and intelligent operation of raw material matching, weighing and feeding and effectively improves production efficiency. Two stirring mechanisms which are vertically arranged are utilized to fully stir materials, the materials can be fully deironed, quality of finished product materials is guaranteed, a scraping and washing hair brush can scrape and wash the inner wall of the reaction kettle, and a hydraulic cylinder can drive the reaction kettle to slide left and right; on one hand, work efficiency of the reaction kettle is further improved; on the other hand, discharging efficiency is improved, material stack is avoided, and trouble in traditional manual cleaning is eliminated.

The present disclosure provides a method of producing high purity SiOx nanoparticles with excellent volatility and an apparatus for producing the same, which enables mass production of SiOx nanoparticles by melting silicon through induction heating and injecting gas to a surface of the molten silicon. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a graphite crucible into which raw silicon is charged, the graphite crucible being mounted inside the vacuum chamber, an induction melting part which forms molten silicon by induction heating of the silicon material received in the graphite crucible, a gas injector which injects a gas into the graphite crucible to be brought into direct contact with a surface of the molten silicon, and a collector disposed above the graphite crucible and collecting SiOx vapor produced by reaction between the molten silicon and the injected gas.

A system for processing supercritical and subcritical fluid capable of bringing the inside of at least one processing container (1) formed in a flow passage into a supercritical or subcritical high pressure field, wherein thermal operation is applied to process fluid to apply thermal expansion to the fluid to produce a pressure difference between the processing container (1) and the outside, whereby a specified temperature and the high pressure field suitable for the processing of the supercritical or subcritical fluid can be provided in the processing container (1).

The invention relates to an esterification and polymerization double-kettle apparatus. The apparatus comprises an esterification pre-condensation reaction tower and a stirring-free polymerization reactor, wherein a pre-condensation discharging hole of the esterification pre-condensation reaction tower is communicated with a feeding hole of the polymerization reactor through a pre-condensation melt conveying pump; a liquid distribution plate is arranged at the upper part of an inner cavity of the polymerization reactor; a falling-film tube is arranged in the liquid distribution hole; a hot medium heating tube is inserted in an inner cavity of the falling-film tube; the feeding hole of the polymerization reactor and a vacuumizing hole are formed in the outer wall of the upper part of a cylinder body; a discharging spiral and a polymer discharging hole are formed in the bottom of the polymerization reactor; an annular liquid distribution groove is formed in a part, corresponding to the feeding hole of the polymerization reactor, of the inner wall of the cylinder body; a uniform annular gap is reserved in the lower end of the liquid distribution groove; a liquid collection groove is formed in the inner wall of the lower part of the cylinder body; a middle melt outlet communicated with the liquid collection groove is formed in the outer wall of the cylinder body and is communicated with a middle melt inlet through a middle melt conveying pump; the middle melt inlet is formed in the upper part of the liquid distribution plate. The apparatus is compact in structure, small in occupied area and high in production efficiency.

Production process of chlorine dioxide stable solution that occurs in two phases of pH control, the first phase being an acid one and the second phase a basic one, with two distinct reactors, one for generation of chlorine dioxide and the other for stabilization, the first one being operated under vacuum and the second one under atmospheric pressure. The resulting solution then contains up to 6% chlorine dioxide that becomes active when pH is reduced to a range of 6.5 to 7.5 at the application moment.

The present invention provides a production method of biodegradable plastic in which polylactic acid is directly synthesized from lactic acid without employing the conventional route of polylactic acid synthesis from lactic acid via lactide, and apparatus for use in production thereof. In this way, time required for the synthesis of polylactic acid is strikingly shortened and the production cost is reduced. In the production method of biodegradable plastic, polylactic acid, the main component of biodegradable plastic, is obtained by means of condensation polymerization by dehydration of the raw material, lactic acid, under high temperature and reduced pressure in the presence of a metal catalyst.

The invention relates to the field of chemical industry and provides a helical-band-type multifunctional reaction device which comprises a kettle and a kettle cover. The helical-band-type multifunctional reaction device is characterized in that a bottom valve is arranged below the kettle, the kettle, the kettle cover and the bottom valve are connectedly fixed through flanges and bolts, a rotating shaft is arranged on the kettle cover and extends into the kettle, a helical-band-type stirring paddle is arranged on the rotating shaft, a scraping plate is arranged at the bottom end of the rotating shaft, a spray port is arranged on the kettle cover and connected with a fixed disc nozzle and a round tube nozzle in the kettle, a heating interlayer is arranged outside the kettle and provided with an electric heating tube in a left-right symmetry manner, a conical filter net is arranged on the flange connecting the bottle valve with the kettle, slag discharging ports are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the conical filter net, and a discharging port is arranged at the center of the bottom of the bottom valve. The helical-band-type multifunctional reaction device has the characteristics of reaction, press filtering and drying, so that a lot of cost is saved in the production process, working efficiency is improved greatly, and great convenience is brought to the production process.