The invention discloses an agricultural product pesticide residue detection method. The method comprises the following steps that template molecules, chitosan, hydroxyethyl acrylate, polyethyleneimineand deionized water are taken, imprinted hydrogel with the template molecules is synthesized; pretreatment of to-be-detected vegetables is completed, and a to-be-detected sample solution is prepared;the template molecules of the obtained imprinted hydrogel are removed; a standard Raman spectrogram of the template molecules is made; the imprinted hydrogel obtained after the template molecules areremoved is soaked in the to-be-detected sample solution and fished out, after confocal micro-Raman Spectrum detection is conducted, the obtained Raman Spectrum is compared with the standard Raman spectrogram, and then whether the template molecules are contained in samples or not is judged, and the content range of the molecules is judged preliminarily. Accordingly, the hydrogel with the specificrecognition function is prepared through a molecular imprinting technology, after the to-be-tested samples are adsorbed and enriched by the hydrogel, spectra collection is conducted by means of a portable Raman spectroscope, and whether the samples contain pesticide or not is judged by comparing with the standard Raman spectrogram.