The invention discloses a benzoheterocycle substituted phenanthridine quaternary ammonium salt derivative and a preparation method and application thereof, the benzoheterocycle substituted phenanthridine quaternary ammonium salt derivative has a structure shown as a formula (I), wherein R1 is selected from benzoheterocycle, substituted benzoheterocycle and aromatic heterocycle; R2 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, halogen, cyano, amino, dimethylamino, nitryl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, acetamido and hydroxyl; x is halogen or benzenesulfonic acid anion. The derivative provided by the invention is completely different from a traditional 3-methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) mother nucleus in structure and has physicochemical properties different from those of the 3-MBA mother nucleus, and experiments show that the derivative has an effect of inhibiting FtsZ, can be used as an FtsZ inhibitor and can also be used as a bacteriostatic agent.