The invention relates to a device and a method for drying chlorine by a bubble cap drying tower. The device comprises a bubble cap tower, an acid circulation system, a new acid feeding system and an acid circulation branch system, the bubble cap tower comprises a tower body, and a filler layer and a bubble cap layer which are sequentially arranged in the tower body from bottom to top, and a dry chlorine outlet is formed in the top of the tower body; firstly, a new acid feeding system is operated, and sulfuric acid is fed into a bubble cap layer; an acid circulation system is operated, so that sulfuric acid circulates in the filler layer; and finally, opening the acid circulation branch system, adjusting the accumulated sulfuric acid flow entering the bubble cap layer, controlling the flow of the sulfuric acid sent out by the new acid sending system to be less than half of the accumulated sulfuric acid flow, and after stable operation, introducing chlorine to be dried into the tower body, sequentially passing through the filler layer and the bubble cap layer, and discharging through a dry chlorine outlet, thereby completing the drying of the chlorine. The method effectively reduces the generation amount of waste sulfuric acid which is difficult to treat in chlor-alkali production, the minimum amount reaches 13.52 kg/ton, and the method is particularly suitable for the situation that the annual output is not higher than 100,000 tons.