The invention discloses a distributed wireless active and passive acoustic fusion detection method for a storage tank bottom plate. According to the distributed wireless active and passive acoustic fusion detection method, a certain number of acoustic wave sensors are evenly distributed at a tank bottom edge plate, thus active acoustic excitation waves are stimulated, meanwhile, active acoustic excitation modulation signals and passive acoustic emission signals are collected, fusion analysis and processing of frequency domain and time domain information can be completed, and thus images of defect distribution, size and corrosion activity degree (activity) of the storage tank bottom plate are formed. According to the distributed wireless active and passive acoustic fusion detection method,a sensor point-by-point detection mode of a traditional ultrasonic guided-wave technology is changed, an active acoustic excitation detection method for a sensor array fixed to the tank bottom is adopted to change the acoustic signal excitation mode and a defect modulation signal extraction mode, the detection coverage range is expanded, and the defect position and size are obtained; the passive acoustic emission detection method is fused to detect active corrosion of the storage tank bottom plate, the detection efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the evaluation results are more comprehensive, intuitive and reliable; and detection data are transmitted through a wireless communication module, and thus remote monitoring can be achieved.