The invention discloses an automatic nucleic acid extraction and real-time quantitative PCR device and a matched reaction box. The device consists of the matched reaction box, a light source and fluorescence receiving device, a heating-cooling device, a matched reaction box supporting structure, a motor set and ultrasonic amplitude transformer and a controller, wherein the matched reaction box mainly comprises a main body, a top cover, a reaction chamber, an injection syringe and the like; the light source and fluorescence receiving device mainly comprises light-emitting diodes, lenses, lightfilters, photodiodes and the like; the heating-cooling device mainly comprises semiconductor coolers, heating sheets, heat-dissipation wires and temperature inductors; and the motor set and ultrasonicamplitude transformer mainly comprises a motor, a lead screw, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer and the like. According to the automatic nucleic acid extraction and real-time quantitative PCR device, automatic closed nucleic acid extraction and amplification detection can be realized through a commercialized nucleic acid extraction detection regent, so that the labor force is greatly saved, meanwhile, the nucleic acid pollution probability is greatly decreased, and risks of biohazards such as aerosol are greatly decreased; and the whole device and the matched reaction box are small in volume and can be applied to nucleic acid experiments in various scenes.