The invention relates to a synthesis method of toughened unsaturated polyester resin for road sign coating. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: adding phthalic anhydride, alcohol and a catalyst to a four-necked flask provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a gas guide pipe and a water konckout vessel according to an experiment formula; firstly heating up the system, starting stirring, raising the temperature of a liquid, cooling when the acid value drops to be below a preset value, then adding maleic anhydride, gradually increasing the temperature and keeping the temperature; heating up for reaction until no water is evaporated out, vacuumizing, adding a polymerization inhibitor and polyethylene wax, cooling, adding a cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing and finally discharging, thus obtaining the unsaturated polyester resin. The synthesis method is simple and is easy to control; coating prepared from the synthesized unsaturated polyester resin has excellent durability, rapid dryness performance, high night visibility and the like and the synthesized unsaturated polyester resin can effectively meet the characteristic requirements of road sign coating.