The invention discloses a method for control and in-situ detection of enzymatic activity under irradiation of electronic beams. The method includes the following steps of 1, preparing a titanium dioxide thin-film field-effect tube; 2, carrying out enzyme immobilization; 3, putting a device into an SEM sample table, and adopting silicon as a gate electrode, wherein any two adjacent electrodes in agold electrode array are adopted as a source electrode and a leakage electrode, and the electrodes are connected with aerial connectors on a cavity through leads; 4, putting the device of the electrodes into a scanning electron microscope, and using the electronic beams for radiation; 4, conducting a conductance testing. On the basis of the titanium dioxide thin-film field-effect tube, enzymes arefixed to the field-effect tube, the electronic beams of the scanning electron microscope are adopted as the irradiation source, the electrodes of the field-effect tube are drawn to a semiconductor property analysis instrument outside an SEM cavity through the leads and a cavity connection port for conducting in-situ conductance measurement, and the enzyme activity is monitored through changes ofconductance. The generation of the electronic beams does not depend on any radioactive element, and in-situ monitoring of the enzyme activity under the irradiation of the electronic beams is achieved.