The invention provides a smelting method of low-sulfur and low-boron steel. The steel comprises, by weight, 0.05%-0.18% of C, 0.10%-0.35% of Si, 1.10%-1.60% of Mn, no more than 0.020% of P, no more than 0.003% of S, 0.010%-0.050% of Nb, 0.008%-0.025% of Ti, no more than 0.30% of Ni, no more than 0.20% of Mo, no more than 0.25% of Cr, no more than 0.0005% of B, and 0.010%-0.050% of Als. The smelting process includes a converter, an LF furnace, an RH furnace and CC. Pretreatment for desulfuration is not needed, the carbon content of steel discharged out of the converter is slightly decreased toreduce molten steel w[B], low-B alloys such as manganese metal and mid-carbon ferromanganese are added, liquid cast waste slag is used, and the quantity of recovered liquid cast slag is controlled, sothat rapid slagging and desulfuration are guaranteed, and the quantity of B dragged into slag is reduced; the LF furnace only adopts aluminum wire deoxidation, and a large quantity of argon is blownfrom the bottom to achieve stirring, so that the probability that boric oxide in the slag is reduced and molten steel enters the slag is lowered while the sulfur content in the molten steel is decreased; and when the sulfur content in the molten steel reaches a required sulfur content, the argon blown from the bottom is regulated to be weak, stirring is conducted to reduce the quantity of added B,and an obtained finished products meets w[S]<=0.003 and w[B]<=0.0005.