The invention discloses a bio-based UV light-induced viscosity-reducing pressure-sensitive adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The UV light induced viscosity-reducing pressure-sensitive adhesive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 19.02 to 44.38 parts of oleic acid, 14.26 to 33.26 parts of lauryl methacrylate, 2.84 to 6.63 parts of tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 5.69 to 13.27 parts of itaconic acid, 5.69 to 13.27 parts of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, 178.99 to 417.64 parts of a first solvent, 0.48 to 1.12 parts of a thermal initiator, 1.76 to 4.11 parts of a first catalyst, 71.28 to 166.31 parts of rosin, 35.24 to 42.94 parts of polyol, 196.82 to 232.95 parts of diisocyanate, 0.47 to 0.51 part of a second catalyst, 97.48 to 97.51 parts of a second solvent, 2.01 parts of a polymerization inhibitor, 129.42 to 164.72 parts of hydroxyl acrylate, and 30 parts of a photoinitiator. The UV light-induced viscosity-reducing pressure-sensitive adhesive is synthesized by utilizing the biomass-based monomer and rosin, and is green and environment-friendly. Meanwhile, the prepared pressure-sensitive adhesive has relatively strong adhesive strength before illumination, the peel strength is sharply reduced after illumination, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive has a wide application prospect in the fields of semiconductor chip processing and manufacturing and the like.