88results about How to "Stop passing" patented technology

A filter-type gas separating-cleaning apparatus with quickly moving filter layer features that its filter cylinder rotating at high speed is composed of external filter net, supporting posts, internal filter net, shaft sleeve, shaft disk and supporting rings, and the gas containing solid particles and / or liquid drops is filtered by said filter cylinder. Its advantage is use of big-mesh filter material to remove fine solid particles and / or liquid drops, resulting in high filter speed, and easy cleaning.

The invention discloses a stent type silk fibroin film insoluble in water, and preparation and application of the stent type silk fibroin film. A preparation method includes the steps of placing silk fibroin solution in a smooth, flat and horizontal mold, and obtaining a basilar film by humid and heat crosslinking; and laying the silk fibroin solution on the surface of the basilar film and forming the stent type silk fibroin film insoluble in water after freezing, drying and humid and heat crosslinking. Silk fibroin is used as a raw material, and biocompatibility is good; a preparation process is non-toxic and environment-friendly, and the thickness of the film and the aperture of a stent layer are easy to control; the film is soft in a moist environment, the basilar film is compact, and cells, microorganisms and biomacromolecules cannot penetrate through the basilar film; the stent layer is in the shape of a porous sponge, and is beneficial to fixation of the film, hemostasis of a wound and regeneration of transmitting tissues; and the film has a wide market in the field of anti-adhesive films and artificial film patches.

The invention provides a preparation method of a lithium-sulfur battery composite separator. The lithium-sulfur battery composite separator comprises a commercial Celgard separator and a polyacrylonitrile / graphene oxide layer, wherein the polyacrylonitrile / graphene oxide layer is arranged on a surface of the commercial Celgard separator, the thickness of the polyacrylonitrile / graphene oxide layer is 1-10 micrometers, and the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile and graphene oxide in the polyacrylonitrile / graphene oxide layer is (0.2-1):1. A Nitrile group on the polyacrylonitrile in the polyacrylonitrile / graphene oxide layer and oxygen on a surface of the graphene oxide are both strong polar groups, high chemical absorption can be formed on a polysulfide which is formed during the charge-discharge process, the polysulfide can be effectively prevented from penetrating through the separator to reach a negative electrode, a shuttle flying effect is reduced, and the lifetime of a lithium-sulfur battery is prolonged.

An anti-theft steel mesh reinforced glass fiber and magnesium sheet comprises a magnesia daub body and a glass fiber cloth layer. The glass fiber cloth layer is compounded in the inside of the magnesia daub body. The steel mesh reinforced glass fiber and magnesium sheet is characterized in that one or a plurality of layers of steel wire mesh(es) is(are) compounded in the inside of the magnesia daub and the thickness of the whole sheet is 5mm to 20mm. The invention has the advantages of higher bearing force, anti-theft performance, mechanized manufacturing, stable quality, smooth sheet surface, high manufacture efficiency, and particular suitability for the outer walls and floor slabs of a building.

The invention discloses an auricularia auricula picking machine and belongs to the technical field of production equipment of edible fungi. The auricularia auricula picking machine comprises a machineframe and an auricularia auricula picking device mounted on the machine frame, wherein the auricularia auricula picking device comprises an auricularia auricula picking tube and a driving mechanism for driving the auricularia auricula picking tube to rotate, the auricularia auricula picking tube comprises a charging opening and a discharging opening, an adjusting groove is formed in a tube wall of the auricularia auricula picking tube and is formed along an axial direction of the auricularia auricula picking tube, two sides of an opening of the adjusting groove are fixedly connected with fixed plates, strip-shaped holes are formed in the fixed plates, reinforcing plates are arranged at joints between the fixed plates and the auricularia auricula picking tube, an adjusting plate is arranged in the adjusting groove, one end of the adjusting plate is bolted with the strip-shaped holes of the fixed plates, the other end of the adjusting plate extends into the auricularia auricula pickingtube and is connected with scrapers, and the scrapers are equidistantly arrayed circumferentially along a center of the auricularia auricula picking tube. The auricularia auricula picking machine disclosed by the invention is simple and reasonable in global structure and high in degree of automation, a large volume of labor is saved, the auricularia auricula picking effect is good, and the use requirements on large-batch auricularia auricula picking are excellently met.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium sulfur battery diaphragms, in particular to a fiber meshed modified lithium sulfur battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof. The fibermeshed modified lithium sulfur battery diaphragm is obtained by arranging a Nafion / polyacrylic acid fiber layer on a commercial diaphragm and carrying out heat treatment and lithium treatment sequentially. The fiber meshed modified lithium sulfur battery diaphragm prepared in the invention has good electrolyte wettability, small impedance and the ability of fast lithium ion conduction, and can prevent the shuttle of polysulfides. Therefore, excellent electrochemical performance is achieved in the application to lithium-sulfur batteries, the capacity attenuation of lithium-sulfur batteries isinhibited, and the service life of batteries is prolonged. In addition, the electro-spinning technology used in the preparation process is simple, the degree of automation and the production efficiency are high, and the diaphragm is easy to scale up and produce.

The invention discloses a pulsator washing machine having a heating function. The washing machine comprises an outer drum and a heater; an accommodating groove provided with an upward opening and used for holding the heater is arranged at the bottom of the outer drum in a recessed manner; a drainage port of the outer drum is disposed in the accommodating groove; a cover plate is arranged above the heater; and the cover plate is provided with a water guiding structure which communicate with the drainage port and guides the water above the cover plate to the drainage port. The cover plate is mounted in the accommodating groove in a sealing manner, and a water through portion connecting the space above and below the cover plate and the drainage port is only arranged on the water guiding structure. The water guiding structure comprises a water guiding port and a water guiding channel, wherein the periphery of the water guiding port flanges downwardly so as to form the water guiding channel, and the water guiding channel communicates with the drainage port. The cover plate and the accommodating groove have simple installation structures, and the cover plate covers the accommodating groove, so that the exchange of water flow in the upper and lower portions can be reduced, and less lint can enter the accommodating groove; and during the drainage, the water above the cover plate can be directly discharged through the drainage port of the water guiding structure, so that a phenomenon that the lint is blocked and hung on the heater is avoided, the influence on heating is avoided, and conditions for bacterial growing are reduced.

The invention provides a compound diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery. The diaphragm is prepared by the following steps of: (1) adding MoS2 powder into a hexane solution of n-butyllithium, performing a stirring reaction, performing filtration, and washing the solution with cyclohexane and water to obtain laminar MoS2; and (2) adding graphite oxide and the laminar MoS2 into water for ultrasonic dispersion to form a suspended liquid, then adding the suspended liquid into a suction flask padded with a Celgard diaphragm and filter paper, and drying the suction flask, and tearing off the filter paper to obtain the compound diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery. The laminar MoS2 in a laminar MoS2 / graphene oxide layer can form severe chemical absorption on polysulfide formed in the charging and discharging processes, and can effectively prevent the polysulfide from penetrating through the diaphragm to reach a cathode to reduce a shuttle flying effect, so that the service life of the lithium-sulfur battery is prolonged.

The invention relates to a dual clutch, a first input piece group including first input friction pieces and a second input piece group including second input friction pieces are arranged on an outer piece support, a first output piece group is connected with a first transmission input shaft on a first inner piece support, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through a first activation unit, a second output piece group is arranged on a second inner piece support, the second inner piece support is connected with a second transmission input shaft, the second transmission input shaft is concentric with the first transmission input shaft, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through an activation unit, the two activation units are arranged between the input piece groups, a line of action of operating force of the two activation units passes through a diameter area determined by the input piece group and the output piece group, the activation units have common middleware, and the middleware is configured to connect a first outer piece support mounting segment and a second outer piece support mounting segment therebetween.

The invention provides a solar cell, which comprises a silicon substrate sheet, a conductive layer covering the front surface of the silicon substrate sheet, a copper front electrode arranged on the surface of the conductive layer, a back surface field arranged on the back face of the silicon substrate sheet, and a back electrode conducted with the back surface field, wherein the conductive layer is an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer, a tin-doped indium oxide layer, an antimony-doped tin oxide layer or a tin dioxide layer. The invention also provides a solar cell preparation method and a solar cell module comprising the solar cell. The copper back electrode and the copper front electrode obtained by using the technology of the invention have good appearances, strength of welding between the electrodes and a photovoltaic welding strip and electric performance of the cell remain almost the same as those of a battery with silver electrodes prepared by the traditional technology, and in addition, as copper paste is adopted to replace the traditional silver paste, the cost of the cell is greatly reduced.

The invention provides a Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene / Celgard composite membrane. The Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene / Celgard composite membrane comprises a Celgard membrane and a Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene layer on the surface of the Celgard membrane, wherein the thickness of the Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene layer is 1 to 10 microns; and the mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx to oxidized graphene in the Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene layer is 1: (0.2 to 1). T on Ti3C2Tx in the Ti3C2Tx / oxidized graphene layer is -F group or -OH group, and is a strongly polar group together with oxygen on the surface of the oxidized graphene, strong chemical adsorption can be formed with a polysulfide formed in the charging and discharging process, the polysulfide can be effectively prevented from passing through the membrane to reach a positive electrode, the occurrence of a shuttle flying effect is reduced, and the service life of a lithium-sulfur battery is prolonged.

The invention relates to a dual clutch, a first input piece group including first input friction pieces and a second input piece group including second input friction pieces are arranged on an outer piece support, a first output piece group is connected with a first transmission input shaft on a first inner piece support, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through a first activation unit, a second output piece group is arranged on a second inner piece support, the second inner piece support is connected with a second transmission input shaft, the second transmission input shaft is concentric with the first transmission input shaft, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through an activation unit, the two activation units are arranged between the input piece groups, a line of action of operating force of the two activation units passes through a diameter area determined by the input piece group and the output piece group, the activation units have common middleware, and the middleware is configured to connect a first outer piece support mounting segment and a second outer piece support mounting segment therebetween.

The invention relates to a dual clutch, a first input piece group including first input friction pieces and a second input piece group including second input friction pieces are arranged on an outer piece support, a first output piece group is connected with a first transmission input shaft on a first inner piece support, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through a first activation unit, a second output piece group is arranged on a second inner piece support, the second inner piece support is connected with a second transmission input shaft, the second transmission input shaft is concentric with the first transmission input shaft, the first input piece group and the first output piece group are placed in a relation of a function of transmitting torque through an activation unit, the two activation units are arranged between the input piece groups, a line of action of operating force of the two activation units passes through a diameter area determined by the input piece group and the output piece group, the activation units have common middleware, and the middleware is configured to connect a first outer piece support mounting segment and a second outer piece support mounting segment therebetween.

The invention provides a polypyrrole / Ti3C2Tx / sulfur composite material. The composite material consists of sulfur, sheet-like Ti3C2Tx and polypyrrole, the inner layer is a sulfur and Ti3C2Tx composite material, the outer layer is the polypyrrole coating the sulfur and Ti3C2Tx composite material, and the mass ratio of the polypyrrole, Ti3C2Tx to sulfur is (0.05 to 0.2): (0.05 to 0.2): 1. The coating layer of the polypyrrole in the composite material can be used for carrying out physical protection on a sulfur-based material, and polysulfide generated in the charge and discharge process is restricted inside the polypyrrole, so that the shuttle effect is reduced; and the composite material restricts the movement of the polysulfide in the two aspects such as physical confinement and chemical adsorption simultaneously, so that the service life of a lithium-sulfur battery is effectively prolonged.

The invention discloses a stent type silk fibroin film insoluble in water, and preparation and application of the stent type silk fibroin film. A preparation method includes the steps of placing silk fibroin solution in a smooth, flat and horizontal mold, and obtaining a basilar film by humid and heat crosslinking; and laying the silk fibroin solution on the surface of the basilar film and forming the stent type silk fibroin film insoluble in water after freezing, drying and humid and heat crosslinking. Silk fibroin is used as a raw material, and biocompatibility is good; a preparation process is non-toxic and environment-friendly, and the thickness of the film and the aperture of a stent layer are easy to control; the film is soft in a moist environment, the basilar film is compact, and cells, microorganisms and biomacromolecules cannot penetrate through the basilar film; the stent layer is in the shape of a porous sponge, and is beneficial to fixation of the film, hemostasis of a wound and regeneration of transmitting tissues; and the film has a wide market in the field of anti-adhesive films and artificial film patches.

A method for forming a metal gate comprises the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate; forming an interface material layer, a high K medium layer and a polycrystalline silicon layer on the surface of the semiconductor substrate; carrying out first nitridation processing on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer, and forming a nitrogen silicon compound on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer; forming a hard mask layer on the polycrystalline silicon layer after the first nitridation processing, wherein the hard mask layer possesses an opening for exposing the nitrogen silicon compound on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer; etching the polycrystalline silicon layer, the high K medium layer and the interface material layer along the opening to form an interface layer, a high K medium layer and a dummy gate; forming an interlayer medium layer on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the surface of the interlayer medium layer is parallel and level with the top surface of the dummy gate; removing the dummy gate to form a groove, and filling metal in the groove to form the metal gate. The nitrogen silicon compound can prevent an oxygen element from penetrating the polycrystalline silicon layer to react with the silicon on the surface of the semiconductor substrate to form a silicon oxide, and enables the thickness of the interface material layer not to change.

The invention discloses a special grinding device for a spherical object. The grinding device comprises a worktable, a supporting frame component, a grinding device body, a supporting device, a soundinsulation component and a PLC; a supporting frame device is arranged on the worktable, the grinding device body is arranged below the supporting frame device, the supporting device is arranged belowthe grinding device body, and the sound insulation device and the PLC are arranged on the worktable; the supporting frame device comprises two supporting arms, and a supporting plate is fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the supporting arms; and the grinding device body comprises a first motor, a lifting rod is arranged below the first motor, and a second motor is fixedly arranged below the lifting rod. The grinding device has the beneficial effects that a spherical part can be firmly fixed on a bearing wheel and then the spherical part is ground, the spherical part is not prone to rotate in the grinding process, noise generated during grinding can be prevented from spreading to the outside of a vacuum interlayer cover to a large extent, and the influence of the noise on hearing of an operator is avoided.

The invention provides a Ti3C2Tx / PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) / Celgard composite membrane which comprises a commercial Celgard membrane and a Ti3C2Tx / PVDF layer on the surface of the commercial Celgard membrane, wherein the thickness of the Ti3C2Tx / PVDF layer is 1 to 10 mu m; the mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx to PVDF in the Ti3C2Tx / PVDF layer is 1 to (0.01 to 0.1). T on the Ti3C2Tx is an -F group or an -OH group, and any of the -F group and the -OH group is a strong-polar group and can generate strong chemical adsorption for polysulfides produced in charge and discharge processes and effectively prevent the polysulfides from penetrating through the membrane and reaching a negative electrode, thus reducing occurrence of the shuttle flying effect and prolonging the service life of a lithium-sulfur battery.

The invention provides a pressure measurement urethral catheter. The urethral catheter is mainly used for clear intermittent catheterization patients or long-term indwelling catheterization patients.The urethral catheter comprises a main catheter body and a pressure measurement module, the main catheter body is in a tube shape with two open ends and a hollow interior, the hollow interior is a urinary catheterization cavity, a urine inlet is formed in the top of the main catheter body, and a urine outlet is formed in the tail end of the main catheter body; a hollow interior of the pressure measurement module is a pressure measurement cavity, one end of the pressure measurement module is connected with the main catheter body, and a one-way valve is arranged at a pressure measurement openingin the other end; a segment of pressure transmission catheter with a small cavity inner diameter is arranged between the main catheter body and the pressure measurement module, and the urinary catheterization cavity is communicated with the pressure measurement cavity through a pressure transmission cavity of the pressure transmission catheter. By means of the pressure measurement urethral catheter, the bladder pressure during urination can be detected, the safe bladder pressure is determined, and a personalized urinary continence and urination mechanism is formed.

The invention provides a polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide / Celgard composite membrane. The polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide / Celgard composite membrane comprises a commercial Celgard membrane and a polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide layer on the surface of the commercial Celgard membrane, wherein the thickness of the polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide layer is 1 micron-10 microns and the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to fluorinated graphene oxide in the polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide layer is (0.2-1) to 1; and the mass percent of oxygen in the fluorinated graphene oxide is 1%-20% and the mass percent of fluorine in the fluorinated graphene oxide is 1%-20%. A nitrile group on the polyacrylonitrile in the polyacrylonitrile / fluorinated graphene oxide layer, and oxygen and fluorine on the surface of the fluorinated graphene oxide are strong polar groups, and can form strong chemical adsorption on polysulfide formed in a charging / discharging process; and the effect of effectively preventing the polysulfide from penetrating through the membrane and reaching a negative electrode is realized, a shuttle flying effect is reduced and the service life of a lithium-sulfur battery is prolonged.

A rebound type injector with a shielding needle eccentric separation piece comprises: a protective cover, wherein a needle through hole is arranged in the protective cover; a large needle base, wherein the front end of the large needle base is connected with the protective cover, and an elastic buckle body is arranged at the front part in the large needle base; the eccentric blocking piece arranged in the protective cover and provided with an eccentric hole and a blind hole; a needle cylinder, wherein the front end of the needle cylinder is connected with the large needle base, and an annularbarb is arranged on the inner wall of the front end of the needle cylinder; a buffer bracket mounted at the rear part in the large needle base; a small needle base, wherein the front part of the smallneedle base is buckled and matched with the elastic buckle body of the large needle base, and the outer wall of the rear part is provided with an annular boss; a needle tube, wherein the needle tip of the needle tube penetrates through the eccentric hole of the eccentric blocking piece and the needle through hole of the protective cover and then is exposed, and the rear end of the needle tube isfixed in the small needle base; a spring, wherein two ends of the spring abut against the inner side of the buffer bracket and the annular boss of the small needle base respectively; a core rod; a core rod head connected with the front end of the core rod, wherein and the front end surface of the core rod head is matched with the rear end surface of the buffer bracket; a piston sleeving the core rod head; and a buffer rubber plug arranged in the front end of the core rod head. The rebound type injector has the advantagesof compact structure, convenience in self-destruction operation, and safety improvement.

The invention discloses an energy-saving tea saponin extracting device and method. The extracting device comprises an extracting solution storing device, a foam separating tower, a foam collecting device, an air supply system for supplying compressed air and a solution replenishing system for replenishing an extracting solution, wherein the air supply system is respectively connected with the foam separating tower and the extracting solution storing device; a charging hole is formed in the foam separating tower; a gas distributor is arranged in the bottom of the foam separating tower; and a glass fiber bag full of tea seed cake particles is arranged at the upper end of the gas distributor. According to the extracting method disclosed by the invention, the steps of extracting, filtering, evaporating and drying in a traditional tea saponin extracting process are simplified into the steps of extracting, defoaming and drying. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in operation and control, short extracting time, low energy consumption, high extraction rate and capability of simplifying the traditional tea saponin extracting process.

The invention discloses a thermal self-closing ceramic modified diaphragm and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery diaphragms, the thermal self-closing ceramic modified diaphragm comprises a polyolefin diaphragm substrate, at least one surface of the polyolefin diaphragm substrate forms a corona treatment surface, and the corona treatment surface is coated with a thermal self-closing ceramic coating. The invention discloses a preparation method of a thermal self-closing ceramic modified diaphragm. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a thermal self-closing ceramic coating, S2, unwinding the polyolefin diaphragm base material; S3, carrying out corona treatment on the coated surface of the polyolefin diaphragm base material; after corona treatment is finished, coating the thermal self-closing ceramic coating prepared in the step S1; and S4, drying and shaping the coated polyolefin diaphragm base material; and S5, after drying is completed, conducting rolling, conducting standing and curing for 6-8 days at the normal temperature, and obtaining the thermal self-closing ceramic modified diaphragm. The thermal self-closingceramic modified diaphragm and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the thermal self-closing performance is achieved, the safety is improved, the thermal curing performance is achieved, and the diaphragm breaking temperature is increased.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a columnar ceramic coating layer by low-pressure plasma spraying based on liquid phase filtration. During low-pressure plasma spraying, a shading device is arranged between a spraying gun and a base body and is used for preventing liquid phase particles from passing; the shading device allows a vapor phase deposition material or particles with a Brownian movement characteristic to bypass and be deposited on the base body. According to the method disclosed by the invention, under a condition that a low-pressure plasma spraying system condition difficultly obtains all vapor phases, by the adoption of the shading device for the liquid phase particles, the vapor phases or a substance with the Brownian movement characteristic can bypass a shading object and be deposited on the base body, so that the ceramic coating layer with a columnar structure is formed. The feasible and more economic method is provided for application of the plasma spraying system for obtaining all vapor phase deposition coating layers.

A packaging sheet for an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body having at least an ability to hold liquid, having a laminated structure comprising both the first fiber layer which comprises 30 to 70% by mass of pulp fiber and 70 to 30% by mass of a chemical synthetic fiber having a mean fiber length of 20mm or below and is in a state treated with high-pressure water jet and the second fiber layer which lies on the first fiber layer and comprises 70 to 100% by mass of pulp fiber.

The invention discloses a Nafion film / Ti3C2Tx / sulfur composite material. The composite material consists of sulfur, sheet-like Ti3C2Tx and a Nafion film, the inner layer is a sulfur and Ti3C2Tx composite material, the outer layer is the Nafion film coating the sulfur and Ti3C2Tx composite material, and the mass ratio of the Nafion film, Ti3C2Tx to sulfur is (0.05 to 0.2): (0.05 to 0.2): 1. The coating layer of the Nafion film in the composite material can be used for carrying out physical protection on a sulfur-based material, and polysulfide generated in the charge and discharge process is restricted inside the Nafion film, so that the shuttle effect is reduced; and the composite material restricts the movement of the polysulfide in the two aspects such as physical confinement and chemical adsorption simultaneously, so that the service life of a lithium-sulfur battery is effectively prolonged.

The invention provides a lithium battery diaphragm material. The lithium battery diaphragm material is prepared from the following raw materials: graphene oxide, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, silver nitrate, tetraethyl titanate, citric acid and o-dichlorobenzene. Compared with a conventional diaphragm, the obtained diaphragm material has excellent wettability, high porosity and good airpermeability, and the electrochemical performance of a battery can be remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the diaphragm material is simple and convenient in process, high in yield, and easy to perform commercial production; and polysulfide can be prevented from passing through, so that the polysulfide is prevented from penetrating through the diaphragm under the condition of ensuring the conductivityof lithium ions, and a shuttle effect is retarded. The invention provides a diaphragm with ion selectivity, the electrochemical performance of a lithium-sulfur battery is remarkably improved, the attenuation of the discharge capacity in the cycle process is very small, the cycle stability is remarkably improved, and the diaphragm can be applied to a quick-charge lithium battery diaphragm material.

The invention relates to a plate, in particular to a plate with a binding layer to which a stone plate is stuck, wherein a binding agent is coated on the substrate surface of a fiber glass mat or a rock fiber mat to form a binding layer, thus the material cost for installing a stone material like natural marble as an ornamental construction material can be greatly reduced; and as the process of the plate is simple and the construction cost can be reduced, the practicability of the plate is enhanced and the natural marble appearance of the plate is ensured. The plate comprises a substrate (1), a binding layer (2) formed by coating binding agent on the surface of the substrate(1), a stone plate (3) stuck to the binding layer (2), thermal insulation materials (4) formed on the bottom surface of the substrate (1), and vibration-absorptive materials (5) formed on the bottom surfaces of the thermal insulation materials (4).