The invention discloses a method for catalytic synthesis of 3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid n-hexadecyl ester by acidic ionic liquid, and belongs to the field of chemical industry. By adoption of the method, the problems of complex process flow, troublesome aftertreatment and pollution to the environment of the existing method are solved. The method comprises the following steps: by utilizing acidic dual-core functional ionic liquid as a catalyst, and adopting 3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-hexadecyl alcohol as raw materials, utilizing vacuumization for dewatering, controlling reaction temperature to be 100-160 DEG C and reacting for 3-8 hours, after reaction is ended, cooling, and standing for layering, separating out a lower layer namely ionic liquid to repeatedly usethe same; pouring an upper layer into methanol solution to generate a large amount of crystals, and filtering to obtain filter cakes, namely a target product. The method disclosed by the invention adopts the ionic liquid as a pollution-free catalyst and shows the advantages of high efficiency, high selectivity, mild reaction condition, simple and controllable effects, environment friendliness, high catalytic efficiency, simple aftertreatment and the like in various acid catalytic reactions.