The invention relates to the field of organic photomultiplier detectors, an organic photomultiplier detector based on surface plasmon polariton uses an indium tin oxide ITO as an anode layer and poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS) as an anode layer, and uses any one of 3-hexylthiophene P3HT, poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2, 7-dibasic]-2, 5-thiophene diyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole-4, 7-dibasic-2, 5-thienyl diyl (PCDTBT, PSBTBT: PC71BM] as a donor material of an organic active layer, and uses fullerene derivative PCBM as an acceptor material of the organic active layer, the donor material and the acceptor material constitute the organic active layer, and an integrated metal nano-grating matrix and a metal thin film are used as a cathode layer, and the nano-grating matrix is inlaid in the organic active layer.