The invention provides an alendronic acid-functionalized polyethylene glycol-modified nanoparticle, the nanoparticle is calcium phosphate particle or calcium carbonate particle coated with a target delivery object, and the target delivery object is selected from DNA, siRNA, protein For macromolecule drugs or small molecule chemical drugs, polyethylene glycol functionalized with alendronic acid is covered on the surface of nanoparticles, and the particle size of nanoparticles modified with polyethylene glycol functionalized with alendronic acid is 20-50 nm. The alendronic acid-functionalized polyethylene glycol-modified nanoparticles have a small particle size, and polyalendronic acid-polyethylene glycol can firmly cover the surface of the phosphate-gene particle, thereby effectively and stabilizing the nanoparticles for a long time , prolong the time of internal circulation, low cost, low toxicity, safe and effective. The invention also provides a preparation method of the alendronic acid-functionalized polyethylene glycol-modified nanoparticles.