The invention discloses a method for simultaneously and quantitatively detecting ligustilide and senkyunolide A. The method comprises the following steps: according to an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method in which butylphthalide serves as a substitution reference substance and octadecyl silane bonded silica gel serves as a filling agent, respectively determining the peak area Ax and the peak area Ay of the ligustilide (X) and the senkyunolide A (Y) in a to-be-detected sample by using a single wavelength in a range of 275-284nm; and according to the concentration Cz and the peak area Az of the substitution reference substance, namely the butylphthalide (Z), calculating the concentration C of the detected components, namely the ligustilide and the senkyunolide A, according to a formula by using correction factors f, wherein a correction factor fx is within 0.20-0.25, and a correction factor fy is within 0.46-0.54. A detection result obtained by using the method provided by the invention is stable, and is in accordance with a detection result obtained by using a method in which the ligustilide and the senkyunolide A, freshly prepared, serve as reference substances, and the problems that the dual-wavelength detection needs to be simultaneously adopted, the requirements on HPLC equipment are high and the universality is poor in the prior art are solved.