The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine air disinfection and purification powder for preventing aerosol transmission. The traditional Chinese medicine air disinfection and purification powder is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 15-25% of raw rhizoma atractylodis, 10-20% of radix angelicae dahuricae, 10-15% of folium artemisiae argyi, 5-10% of borneol, 15-20% ofacorus calamus and 10-20% of fructus tsaoko. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, weighing raw rhizoma atractylodis, radix angelicae dahuricae, folium artemisiae argyi, acoruscalamus and fructus tsaoko, and drying the medicinal materials at low temperature; 2, crushing and sieving raw rhizoma atractylodis, radix angelicae dahuricae, folium artemisiae argyi, acorus calamusand fructus tsaoko medicinal materials by using a crusher; 3, stirring borneol and the dried medicinal materials in the step 1 to be uniform; 4, weighing the six medicines treated in the step 4; and 5, mixing the medicines obtained in the step 4. According to the invention, a simple combustion mode of rhizoma atractylodis is corrected and improved, and other traditional Chinese medicinal materialsare matched, so that firstly, the rhizoma atractylodis can be completely combusted, and the combustion efficiency is improved; secondly, other traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be matched,and the expansion of air purification and sterilization strains is increased; and thirdly, the smell of the combusted rhizoma atractylodis can be changed, and people can like and accept the smell of the combusted rhizoma atractylodis better.