The invention relates to a liquid-phase CO2 methanation catalyst, a preparation method and application of the catalyst. The liquid-phase CO2 methanation catalyst comprises amphipathic ionic liquid and metal active components dispersed in the amphipathic ionic liquid in the state of stable colloid, the grain sizes of the metal active components range from 0.5nm to 20nm, the spherical metal active components include a first metal active component and a second metal active component, the first metal active component includes nickel, the second metal active component includes one or mixture of more than one of lanthanum, cerium, molybdenum, ruthenium, ytterbium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, potassium and magnesium, and the molar ratio of the first metal active component to the second metal active component is 10:0.1-2. The metal active components in the liquid-phase CO2 methanation catalyst are small in grain size, narrow in distribution, wide in application prospect, easy to separate and recyclable, CO2 methanation of low-temperature liquid phase can be realized at the temperature of 100-200 DEG C, the liquid-phase CO2 methanation catalyst has excellent low-temperature catalytic activity, methane selectivity and heat stability, and the preparation method is simple and practicable, low in cost and easy in popularization.