The invention belongs to the technical field of heat supplying of thermal power plants and particularly relates to a cooling water waste heat direct-air cooling type high back pressure-steam extraction integrated heat supply system. According to the system, the problems that the heat supply distance of a high back pressure low-temperature water direct-supply mode is limited, the loss of water for heating a heat network purely by virtue of steam extraction heating is large are solved. The system comprises an air cooling unit, a first exhaust steam valve, an air cooling island, a second exhaust steam valve, a heat supply condenser, an electric heat pump, a heat network heater, a near-distance heat user, a heat exchange station, an auxiliary engine circulating cooling water outlet pipe, a mechanical draft cooling tower, a hot water valve, an auxiliary engine circulating cooling water return pipe, a heat network adjusting valve, a far-distance heat user, a condensing water valve, a hydrophobic valve and an electric generator. According to the system, the auxiliary engine waste heat is adequately recycled based on a high back pressure heat supply unit, the recycling and gradient utilization of energy in a heat supply process are realized, the economy of the unit is increased, and the purposes of saving energy and reducing consumption are achieved.