The invention discloses an air source system of a water-cooling air compressor for vehicles. The air source system comprises a double-crank inner support transmission structure, a controller and a water-cooling system, wherein the double-crank inner supporting transmission structure is driven by a motor, an elastic coupler and a crankshaft, cranks on the two sides of the crankshaft drive a low-pressure cylinder piston assembly and a high-pressure cylinder piston assembly to reciprocate up and down, and the gas compression process is completed; the controller is fixed on the motor, a labyrinthtype cooling water channel is arranged in the controller, and the controller shares the working state of an air supply system and feeds back fault information in real time; and the water cooling system is supplied with water by a whole vehicle water pump system, enters a crankcase water tank after passing through the labyrinth type cooling water channel in the controller, then enters a cylinder cover after passing through a water tank in a piston cylinder, returns to the piston cylinder and a crankcase again after passing through a water channel in an inner cavity of the cylinder cover, and isfinally discharged and converged into a whole vehicle circulating water channel. The air source system has the advantages of being high in compression efficiency, small in vibration, low in noise, long in service life, clean in air source, efficient, energy-saving, compact in structure, small in size, convenient to install and arrange and the like.