The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of building materials and in particular relates to a method for preparing two-component vitrified brick backing glue. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: treating sugarcane serving as a raw material to obtain pre-dispersed suspension, mixing the pre-dispersed suspension, cotton stalk bark fibers, ammoniumpersulfate, N,N-methylenebis acrylamide and the like, reacting, extracting with acetone, drying to obtain a component A, performing graft copolymerization on acrylic acid and sugarcane fibers, forminga three-dimensional network structure, and producing a water-absorbent resin, wherein the cotton stalk bark fibers easily crimp when meeting water, the water is difficultly squeezed out, the roughness of the vitrified brick can be improved by the cotton stalk bark fibers, and the bricks are conveniently adhered; mixing a cellulose ether and a castor oil polyurethane prepolymer, dispersing to obtain premixed emulsion, adding quick lime, carboxylic butadiene-styrene latex, fly ash and other materials into the pre-dispersed mixture, performing vacuum defoamation to obtain a component B, and performing network interpenetrating on castor oil polyurethane and methyl silicone rubber, thereby obtaining an adhesive with an IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) structure. The network interpenetrating structure is compact in binding, and the application prospects are wide.