The invention discloses an anti-slip wear-resistant modification method for lightweight rubber shoes. The anti-slip wear-resistant modification method includes the steps that epoxy resin E51 and imidazole are mixed, acetone is added, stirring and dissolving are conducted, then surface-pretreated aramid short fibers are added, after infiltration, an acetone solution and part of cured epoxy resin are dried in an oven, and coated aramid short fibers are obtained; ethylene glycol and sodium tripolyphosphate are added into deionized water, even stirring is conducted, then pretreated modified coal ash and modified nano-calcium carbonate are added, and through high-speed dispersion wed modification, modified anti-slip aggregates are obtained; and nylon 6 is dried in an air dry oven, put into a rheometer to be molten, fully pretreated and plasticized, a rubber compound, the coated aramid short fibers and the modified anti-slip aggregates are added to be evenly mixed, during addition and discharging, nitrogen is introduced for protection, and then the lightweight rubber shoes are manufactured according to a conventional production method.