The invention discloses an erbium-doped wedge-shaped waveguide amplifier capable of realizing high efficiency, large energy and small volume. A wedge-shaped double-cladding erbium glass waveguide structure is used, pump light is fully absorbed after passing through a gain medium for multiple times, and the absorption length and the absorption uniformity of the gain medium are increased, so that the heat effect is improved, and the pump absorption efficiency is effectively improved. A gain medium wraps the four sides of a material which absorbs 1.5 microns and does not absorb pump light, so that a self-excited oscillation loop is cut off, the influence of ASE is improved, the energy storage efficiency is improved, and the output laser energy is improved. The novel waveguide structure is small in size and compact in structure. The inner cladding and the outer cladding play a role of heat sink for the erbium glass, so that the gain medium can better dissipate heat, the temperature gradient of the center and the side surface of the gain medium is effectively improved, the heat effect is reduced, and high-energy output is realized. The amplifier gain medium is prepared by adopting a bonding technology, so that the whole structure of the amplifier is simpler and more compact, and integration and structural miniaturization are easy to realize.