The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting salmonella in textiles. The method comprises the following steps: I, enriching bacteria of a sample; II,conducting an LAMP test; II, conducting MALDI-TOF-MS technical identification; and IV, reporting a result. With the application of the method, a detection duration is greatly shortened, a negative detection result can be obtained within 1 day and a positive detection result can be obtained within 3 days. The method, through the scientific combination of the LAMP technology and the MALDI-TOF-MS, is simple and economic, and meanwhile, the method has the characteristic of being high in throughput; the method is applicable to instant and in-situ detection; and when the in-situ detection is positive, samples can be purposefully increased and inspected in laboratory, so that the method, when supervised, is high in reaction speed and strongly targeted, and moreover, the method is time-saving.