The invention discloses a method for measuring carbon content of fly ash in a power station boiler. The method is characterized in that 1, combustion factors influencing the carbon content of fly ashare decomposed into hot wind temperature factor, burnout factor, primary air pressure factor and coal quality factor; 2. according to the orthogonal rotation, a factor component matrix after the maximum variance orthogonal rotation is used to obtain the influence weight of four factors; and a factor analysis model is established for the carbon content of fly ash. Compared with other modeling methods, the modeling method is not constrained by algorithms, and the practicability is stronger in a DCS system; data is more comprehensive than other single algorithms; compared with hardware measurement, the adaptation of parameters is stronger; the method has the advantages of advancement, high sensitivity, good stability, high measurement accuracy, strong universality and the like, and can be widely used in electric power and other fields.