The invention discloses an HFDL signal receiving and processing device. The device comprises a radio frequency receiving unit, a frequency conversion processing unit and a signal processing unit. Theradio frequency receiving unit is used for receiving short wave radio frequency signals of 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz, filtering the received radio frequency signals to remove interference signals outside theworking frequency band, carrying out adaptive gain adjustment, and sending the gain-adjusted radio frequency signal to the frequency conversion processing unit. The frequency conversion processing unit is used for upconverting the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency signal of 70 MHz, and sending the intermediate frequency signal to the signal processing unit. The signal processingunit is used for sampling the intermediate frequency signal to acquire a digital signal, digitally downconverting, detecting, demodulating and Turbo-equalizing the digital signal, encapsulating the processed data, and sending the data to a host computer through a network interface. According to the invention, HFDL signals are received and processed; the HFDL signal receiving and processing devicehas the advantages of simple structure, small size, low cost, portability, convenient deployment, unlimited deployment number, long interception distance and large dynamic range; and intercepted signals have the advantages of comprehensive type and excellent performance.