The invention discloses a multifunctional alkaline cleaning agent. The raw material composition of the multifunctional alkaline cleaning agent comprises, by weight, 2-5 parts of potassium carbonate, 2-5 parts of sodium gluconate, 0.5-5 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 2-5 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 5-10 parts of monoethanolamine borate, 5-10 parts of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 5-10 parts of penetrants, 0.5-5 parts of solubilizers, and 10-20 parts of HEDP-4Na, and water is used for complementing to 100 parts. A steel product treated through the cleaning agent has the high surface cleanliness, no oil dirt residue, and no scrap iron, rust deposit and dust particle residue are achieved, the steel product after being cleaned can still meet interprocess rust prevention, the surface brightness of the steel product can be increased, the using cycle is long, the using concentration is low, and the rust prevention period is up to 10-20 days; the safe and environmental protection effects are achieved, the multifunctional alkaline cleaning agent is harmless to a human body, raw materials are wide in sources and easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the multifunctional alkaline cleaning agent is suitable for mass production.