104 results about "Reductive decomposition" patented technology

In an electrolyte of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a cyclic carboxylic-acid ester exerting high conductivity under a low temperature condition, for suppressing reductive decomposition of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a cyclic carbonic acid ester having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is contained, and for suppressing excessive polymerization reaction of the cyclic carbonic acid ester having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, a cyclic carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is further contained.

The nonaqueous solvent for a nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention includes: a fluorinated cyclic carbonate having at least one fluorine in each designated location in the molecule; and a fluorinated phosphazene having at least one fluorine bound to a phosphorus atom in the phosphazene molecule and a ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of phosphorus atoms being 4/3 or more. The fluorinated cyclic carbonate forms a good protective coat by reductive decomposition at a negative electrode, thereby improving cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous secondary battery. The fluorinated phosphazene suppresses generation of organic ions in the nonaqueous solvent, thereby reducing gas production in the nonaqueous secondary battery.

The invention, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion battery, particularly relates to a lithium ion battery electrolyte capable of improving the high temperature storage performance of a lithium ion battery, comprising a non-aqueous solvent, lithium salts dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent, and an additive which is a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, and R3 are selected from hydrogen atom, alkyl containing 1-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl containing 3-8 carbon atoms, and aryl containing 6-12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer in the range of 0-7. The compound can effectively passivate the anode and cathode surfaces, prevent oxygenolysis of the electrolyte ingredients on the anode surface and prevent reductive decomposition on the cathode surface, thus gas generation of the battery is reduced, and the high temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery is raised. In addition, the invention further discloses a lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte.

The invention provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte, which comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salt soluble in the non-aqueous organic solvent, and an addition agent of a compound containing an N-sulfonyl dicarboximide group, wherein the compound containing the N-sulfonyl dicarboximide group is represented by a general formula (1); a functional group of R1 in the general formula (1) is shown in the specification, or R2 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group of C1-C12, and a naphthenic base, an allyl group or an aryl group of C3-C8; hydrogen atoms in the R2 can be partially or wholly replaced by halogen atoms. When the compound containing the N-sulfonyl dicarboximide group is added into the lithium ion battery electrolyte, a charging process of a battery is prior to reductive decomposition of an organic solvent in the electrolyte, and a layer of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is better formed on a surface taking graphite as an active material, so that the problem of positive pole piece graphite stripping is effectively solved, and the performance of positive pole piece deintercalation lithium is improved.

In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester having a high conductivity in a low-temperature environment is used as an electrolyte, and, furthermore, a cyclic carbonic acid ester having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is added thereto for the inhibition of reductive decomposition of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester.

The invention discloses a production method for co-producing cement and sulfuric acid by using gypsum. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out hierarchical heating on a raw material A containing gypsum and coke in a hierarchical suspending pre-heater, heating and carrying out reducing decomposition on the heated gypsum raw material A in a reducing decomposition fixed bed with pulverized coal combustion, transmitting a reducing decomposition gas C generated after the reducing decomposition into the hierarchical suspending pre-heater, carrying out heat exchanging with the gypsum cement raw material A, purifying for sulfuric acid production; transmitting a material after the reducing decomposition into a cement clinker sintering fixed bed, carrying out heating sintering with pulverized coal combustion, so as to obtain a cement clinker B. Compared with the prior art, the production method for co-producing cement and sulfuric acid by using gypsum disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dosages of reducing coal and sintering coal are reduced, the sulfur dioxide concentration in the reducing decomposition gas and the quality of a cement clinker are increased, the purposes of saving energy source, reducing production cost, enhancing production capacity, reducing investment and increasing economic benefit of a producer are realized, and the environment-protection problem of phosphor-gypsum stacking treatment is solved.

An organic electrolytic solution and a lithium battery employing the same are provided. The organic electrolytic solution includes: a lithium salt; an organic solvent containing a high dielectric constant solvent and a low boiling point solvent; and a dicarboxylic acid derivative having at least one substituted silyl group. The organic electrolytic solution and the lithium battery employing the same have improved reductive decomposition stability, thereby decreasing an irreversible capacity after a first cycle and improving the charge/discharge efficiency and lifespan of the battery. The lithium battery has non-varying chemical properties at room temperature and a uniform thickness after standard charging, and thus has high reliability.

The invention provides a method for producing vitriol and calcium oxide by decomposing gypsum. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials of gypsum and coke powder based on mass ratio of 100 : (5 to 8), and grinding same; (2) preheating; (3) roasting to decompose; (4) carrying out heat exchange with the gas of a kiln, and then processing by pickling and purifying, drying, converting, and absorbing to obtain the finished product of vitriol; and (5) cooling the solid cinder to obtain the finished product of calcium oxide. According to the method provided by the invention, the coke powder serves as the main component calcium sulfate of the gypsum, which is reduced and decomposed at high temperature so as to obtain the SO2 and the solid calcium oxide; the calcium oxide produced by decomposing limestone is replaced via the calcium oxide produced by decomposing the calcium sulfate, therefore, the calcium oxide resource can be recycled, and the emission of CO2 produced by roasting the limestone at room temperature also can be reduced. The method provided by the invention is simple in material preparing and technology, easy to control the reaction atmosphere, and stable in production, has capacity of making possible the recycling of a large number of industrial by-product gypsum, is environment-friendly, and can save the resource.

The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and discloses a bi-imidazole ring functional ionic liquid, a preparing method thereof, an electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery. The di-imidazolering functional ionic liquid comprises divalent cations with bi-imidazole rings and ether group functional groups and two anions. The bi-imidazole ring functional ionic liquid has higher thermodynamic stability, electrochemical stability and positive and negative electrode compatibility. Moreover, the preparing method is simple, the product is high in purity and good in hydrophobicity, the thermal decomposition temperature can reach 430 DEG C, the room-temperature conductivity can reach 10<-4>S/cm, the electrochemical window can reach 5.6V vs.Li/Li+, and the safety of the lithium secondary battery can be improved. A bi-imidazole ring ionic liquid electrolyte can effectively inhibit reductive decomposition of imidazolium cations on a graphite negative electrode specially in a graphite negative electrode system, a stable SEI membrane can be formed without addition of any low-boiling-point film-forming additive, so that the battery can be stably circulated under the conditions of normaltemperature and high temperature, and has very high practical application value.

Nanometer sized particles containing titanium and platinum are prepared by a sonochemical process. Compounds of the metals are dissolved, suspended, or diluted in a low vapor pressure liquid medium, preferably at a sub-ambient temperature. A reducing gas is bubbled through the liquid as it is subjected to cavitation to affect the reductive decomposition of the metal compounds. Titanium and platinum are co-precipitated in very small particles.

The invention relates to a process for reducing SO2 to elemental sulfur in flue gas by using biomass pyrolysis gas, which belongs to the desulfurization technic field. The pyrolysis reaction for the biomass is carried out in a pyrolysis oven to generate a mixed pyrolysis gas used as desulfurizer which mainly comprises CO, CH4, and H2, the prepared catalyst is filled in a reductive decomposition oven, the mixed pyrolysis gas and the flue gas containing low-concentration SO2 are introduced into the reductive decomposition oven to have a reduction reaction at temperature of between 600DEG C and1000DEG C for 1h to 3h, the volume percentage of the SO2 gas from reductive decomposition oven can be up to 0.006% to 0.65%, and the desulfurization percent can be up to 80% to 98%, thereby realizing waste reutilization.

The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery using the same. The nonaqueous electrolyte is prepared from nanaqueous organic solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent contains at least one phosphate ester compound, and the additive contains at least one phosphonic acid cyclic anhydride compound. Due to the fact that the phosphonic acid cyclic anhydride compound has the higher reduction potential, stable SEI can be formed at the anode, reductive decomposition of phosphate ester is inhibited, and the cycling performance of the battery is improved. According to the electrolyte, by using the phosphate ester compound and the phosphonic acid cyclic anhydride compound in a combined mode, the safety performance of the battery is significantly improved, and meanwhile the cycling performance of the battery is not influenced.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a calcium carbonate raw material and SO2 by utilizing high-sulfur petroleum coke to decompose phosphogypsum, i.e., the high-sulfur petroleum coke with the carbon mass fraction higher than 80 percent and the sulfur mass fraction higher than 2 percent to 6 percent is used for reducing and decomposing the phosphogypsum to prepare burner gas with the SO2 volume percentage higher than or equal to 15 percent. The burner gas can be directly used as qualified virgin gas for the two-conversion and two-absorption acid-making technology so as to produce the solid product, CaO, with the mass fraction of higher than 50 percent, and can also be directly used as a chemical raw material, for instance, for making cement. No waste is generated in the process, the decomposition rate of the phosphogypsum is higher than or equal to 95 percent, and the desulphurization degree is higher than or equal to 90 percent. By utilizing the technology for decomposing the phosphogypsum, pretreatment is not required and the concentration of SO2 is stable in the burner gas. The content and the thermal value of carbon in the high-sulfur petroleum coke are comparatively high, and the contents of nitrogen and sulfur are higher than that of other fuels, thereby reducing reaction temperature, energy consumption and production cost, simultaneously, environment pollution is not generated and waste is changed into valuable. The utilization of components of the phosphogypsum is maximized during the technical process so as to solve the problem of realizing the harmlessness and sales of the phosphogypsum as 'dangerous waste'.

The invention relates to a method for reducing and decomposing ardealite by furnace gas of a closed calcium carbide furnace. The technical problems needed to be solved comprise that: carbon monoxide in the furnace gas of the closed calcium carbide furnace is used as a reducer to reduce and decompose the ardealite, the decomposition temperature of the ardealite is controlled to be between 750 and 850 DEG C, the reaction time is between 10 and 50 minutes, sulfur dioxide with high concentration and qualified cement materials are obtained, the decomposition rate of the ardealite is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the desulphurization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent. The decomposition temperature of the ardealite is greatly reduced, thereby achieving the aims of saving energy and reducing consumption. The method develops potential carbon-sulfur resources, and realizes the comprehensive utilization of the ardealite and the furnace gas of the closed calcium carbide furnace; and simultaneously, the obtained calcium oxide can be used as a raw material to produce high quality cement, and the sulfur dioxide can be used as a material gas to produce acid.

Provided is a negative electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery which achieves both suppression of reductive decomposition of an electrolyte or an electrolytic solution and suppression of an increase in resistance. Also provided are a method for producing such a negative electrode and a nonaqueous secondary battery employing such a negative electrode. A polymer coating layer is formed so as to coat at least part of surfaces of negative electrode active material particles containing silicon oxide (SiO_x; 0.5≦x≦1.6). The polymer coating layer contains a cationic polymer having a positive zeta potential under neutral conditions. Since silicon oxide has a negative zeta potential, a thin uniform coating layer can be formed owing to Coulomb's force.

The invention discloses a production method for producing cement and sulfuric acid by using phosphogypsum. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out pretreatment purification on phosphogypsum to reduce insoluble phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus impurities and most free water in the phosphogypsum, kneading with a reducing agent, granulating, and directly feeding the material into a reductive decomposition integrated rotary kiln with fluidization preheating function; controlling a gas phase atmosphere to perform step-by-step heating, drying, dehydration and reductive decomposition under the combustion of the pulverized coal; sulfur dioxide gas generated after reductive decomposition is used for producing sulfuric acid after being subjected to dust removal and purification; and the reduced and decomposed material enters an oxidation calcining kiln for cement clinker sintering, and the gas-phase atmosphere is controlled under the combustion of pulverized coal for heating, mineralizing and sintering to obtain the cement clinker. Compared with the prior art, the production method for producing cement and co-producing sulfuric acid by using phosphogypsum has the advantages that the coal consumption for reduction and firing is reduced, the production efficiency and the product quality are improved, the device investment is saved, the economic benefit of producers is increased, and the environmental protection problem of phosphogypsum stacking treatment is eliminated.

The present invention provides an electrochemical energy storage device comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing an ammonium salt, wherein the negative electrode potential upon completion of charging is set to less than 1.8 V and 0.1 V or more relative to a lithium reference in which high electric capacity is obtained and a reductive decomposition reaction of the ammonium salt on the negative electrode is avoided, and thus efficiency upon every charging and discharging cycle is improved, resulting in a long cycle life.

The invention discloses a sulfuryl electrolyte for a high-energy-density and high-safety lithium ion battery and a preparation method of the sulfuryl electrolyte, and belongs to the technical field oflithium ion batteries. Conductive lithium salt is added into common electrolyte to prepare the sulfuryl electrolyte, the concentration of the conductive lithium salt is 1.5-2.5 times that of the common electrolyte, the common electrolyte comprises sulfone solvents, linear carbonic ester solvents and the conductive lithium salt, and the conductive lithium salt is fluorine-containing lithium salt.According to the sulfuryl electrolyte, the circulation performance of the sulfuryl electrolyte is improved by the aid of high-concentration lithium salt, a graphite negative electrode surface film isoptimized in the discharging process under the condition of the high-concentration lithium salt, surface activity of an electrode is restrained, so that further contact between the electrolyte and anactive substance of the electrode is restrained, reductive decomposition of sulfone solvents of the electrolyte on the surface of the electrode is decreased, circulation stability of the lithium ion batteries under the sulfuryl electrolyte is improved, and safety, service life, energy density and specific discharge capacity are improved.

The invention relates to a method for preparing sulfur trioxide by utilizing gypsum and an equipment system thereof, aiming to provide a new technology which takes phosphogypsum or fluorine gypsum (also including ordinary gypsum) as raw materials to prepare the sulfur trioxide, and the matched equipment system thereof. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) double decomposition reaction: gypsum slurry is added into ammonium bicarbonate or carbonized ammonia water for reacting to obtain ammonium sulfate solution and calcium carbonate; then the steps of (2) dewater treatment, (3) concentration treatment, (4) mixing ammonia distillation treatment and (5) reductive decomposition reaction are sequentially carried out on the ammonium sulfate solution, and a sulfur trioxide gas product is obtained.

The invention discloses a method for preparing calcium sulphide by decomposing phosphogypsum through hydrogen sulfide tail gas, and belongs to the field of phosphogypsum resource utilization. The phosphogypsum is dried and ground so that the phosphogypsum can be reduced and decomposed under Co and H2S tail gas to prepare CaS, decomposing temperature is 700-950 DEG C, the decomposing rate of the phosphogypsum is larger than and equal to 95%, and the productivity of calcium sulfide can reach over 85%. The production process is simple and easy to implement, the raw material is a large amount of the solid waste phosphogypsum, the prepared calcium sulfide can be used for preparing thiourea, sodium sulfide, sulphur, sulfuric acid and other chemical products and can also be used in the industries such as environmental protection and heavy metal treatment, and a new concept is provided for comprehensive utilization of the phosphogypsum.

Nanometer to micrometer sized particles containing platinum and having selected morphologies are prepared by a sonochemical process. A compound of platinum is dissolved, suspended, or diluted in a suitable liquid medium at a predetermined concentration and the liquid is maintained at a predetermined temperature from sub-ambient temperatures to above ambient temperatures. A reducing gas is bubbled through the liquid as it is subjected to cavitation at a controlled power to affect the reductive decomposition of the platinum compound. The morphology of the precipitated platinum particles can be varied widely by varying the described concentration, temperature and power parameters.

The invention discloses a non-inflammable lithium secondary battery and the application thereof. The positive electrode of the battery adopts one of lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, a ternary material and a lithium-enriched material; the negative electrode adopts a carbon material. Electrolyte is prepared from a non-inflammable organic phosphorus solvent, lithium salt and a film forming additive. The non-inflammable organic phosphorus solvent has the following general formula: R1R2R3P(O), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halogen-containing alkyl and halogen-containing alkoxy; the lithium salt is difluorosulfonamide lithium or ditrifluoromethyl sulfonimide lithium; the film forming additive is one or several of lithium borate dioxalate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl carbonate vinyl ester, fluoroethylene ester and vinyl chloride ester; a mole ratio of the lithium salt in the non-inflammable electrolyte toorganic phosphorus electrolyte is higher than 1 to 3. The non-inflammable lithium secondary battery solves the problems of co-intercalation and continuous reductive decomposition of an organic phosphorus compound and the lithium salt and improves the coulombic efficiency and the reversible capacity of a graphite negative electrode.