The invention discloses an internal type headless high-pressure deaerator. The internal type headless high-pressure deaerator comprises a barrel body, wherein an internal barrel body, a water-spraying inner barrel, a re-boiler, a steam mixing outer barrel, a heating steam tube, a re-boiling heating tube and a deaerated water outlet are mounted inside the barrel body; a water feeding tube, a water return tube and a gas exhaust tube are arranged on a barrel body surrounded by the internal barrel body; and a spraying device and a filler layer are further arranged inside the internal barrel body from top to bottom. The invention further provides a deaeration method which separates oxygen in water through a tertiary device. Compared with a conventional system with a deaeration head, the internal type headless high-pressure deaerator has the beneficial effects of reducing equipment height, greatly reducing civil engineering cost, reducing lift of a water inlet pump, achieving the energy-saving effect, being more complete in deaeration, and being capable of achieving effect of 0.05 ppm, and being applicable when a steam temperature ranges from 104 DEG C to 190 DEG C. The internal type headless high-pressure deaerator is simple and compact in structure, and is convenient to mount and maintain.