Novel chemical compounds of the general formula
K+A−,
in which K+is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-3 hetereo atoms, which can be independently N, S, or O;
with the proviso that at least one of the hetereo atoms must be a quaternized nitrogen atom having a —R′CN substituent, wherein R′ is alkyl (C1 to C12);
the heterocyclic ring having up to 4 or 5 substituents independently chosen from the moieties:
(i) H;
(ii) halogen or
(iii) alkyl (C1 to C12), which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1−x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x<13; and
(iv) a phenyl ring which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1−X)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1−x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x≦13; and
A− is any anion that provides a salt with a low melting point, below about 100° C.; A can be halide, BF4−, PF6−, NO3−, CH3CO2−, CF3SO3−, (CF3SO2)2N−, (CF3SO2)3C−, CF3CO2− or N(CN)2− or [BF3RCN]
These compounds can be used as industrial solvents, especially as ligands for efficient catalyst recycling.