The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 1,4-butanediol through hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol. The method comprises the following steps: 1,4-butynediol is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in a first-stage hydrogenation reactor on a modified Ni-based catalyst, and pressure relief and separation is performed, so that a first-stage hydrogenation product is obtained, wherein the activecomponent of the modified Ni-based catalyst is Ni, and the auxiliary agent is at least one of Ru, K or Mg; then a second-stage hydrogenation reaction is carried out on the obtained first-stage hydrogenation product and a Ru-based catalyst in a second-stage hydrogenation reactor, and pressure relief and separation is performed to obtain the 1,4-butanediol, wherein the active component of the Ru-based catalyst is Ru. According to the method, the modified Ni-based catalyst and the Ru-based catalyst are combined, so that the conversion rate of the 1,4-butynediol reaches 100%, the selectivity of the 1,4-butanediol reaches 98%, and the method has the advantages of being good in catalytic activity, high in selectivity, mild in reaction condition, few in by-product variety and easy to separate.