The invention discloses a method for preparing electrorheological liquid of silicon dioxide- water polyurethane nanometer compound. The nuclear mateiral of said compound is anion polyurethane with side chain carrying with acid group, the nuclear material is silicon dioxide; the electrorheological liquid takes silicon- dioxide- water polyurethane nanometer compound as dispersing phase, takes dimethicone as dispersing liquid, and the method for preparing comprises following steps: taking ethyl orthosilicate and anion polyurethane with side chain carrying with alkali group as raw material, proceeding hydrolysis, polymerization for ethyl orthosilicate and polyurethane nanometer microcapsule, and then alkali neutralizing, distilling out solvent and getting final product; cooling, drying, grinding and getting powder, mixing it with dimethicone according to ratio by weight of 30- 40: 70. The invention is characterized by simple process, distinctive performance of prepared electrorheological liquid, small drain current density and it is ideal electrorheological material.