The invention relates to a method for extracting vanadium pentoxide by calcification and calcination of tunnel kiln coal gas, which comprises the steps of: mixing mineral soil and calcium oxide at a proper proportion, crushing, squeezing to obtain bricks, stacking on a kiln cart, placing into a coal gas tunnel kiln, calcinating at a certain temperature, pulverizing the calcinated bricks with a ball mill, placing the obtained powder into a large stirring tank, leaching with low concentration sulphuric acid solution under stirring to obtain slurry, press filtering with a press filter, washing, separating, transferring the filtrate to a ion-exchange column for exchange and enrichment, purifying to obtain ammonium metavanadate, and performing thermal decomposition with an electrothermal burning furnace to obtain vanadium pentoxide. The inventive method has the advantages of low production equipment investment, convenient and accurate process condition control, low production operating cost, high product extraction yield (mean value about 75%), and high product purity (over 99%). The exhaust gas emission meets the standards, the waste water is recycled and reused without external discharge, and the waste residues are integrally utilized to produce bricks, so as to realize clean and environmentally friendly production.