The invention discloses an aluminum-silicon castable prepared by adjusting the aggregate ratio and a preparation method thereof, and the aluminum-silicon castable comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-40% of calcium aluminate cement, 1-4% of floating beads, 10-15% of sinking beads, 3-6% of silicon micro powder, 20%-32% of perlite aggregate, and 15%-25% of ceramsite aggregate. According to the aluminum-silicon castable by adjusting the aggregate proportion and the preparation method of the aluminum-silicon castable, the perlite is used as the aggregate, so that the aluminum-silicon castable is light, porous, environment-friendly, pollution-free, capable of absorbing sound and noise, heat-insulating, non-combustible, good in free-running property, excellent in compressive strength and the like, the fluidity of the castable can be remarkably improved by adding the electric smelting ceramsite sand, the strength is improved, and the sintering shrinkage is reduced; and the composite aggregate perlite and the capacitor ceramsite sand are added, so that performance advantages are complementary, and the performance of the aluminum-silicon castable is improved.