80 results about "Current density distribution" patented technology

The invention discloses an electrophysiological signal fusion method and device, relates to the technical field of biomedicine, and mainly aims to solve the problem of low cardiac imaging evaluation accuracy caused by poor effectiveness of existing electrophysiological signal fusion. The method includes the steps that electrophysiological signals obtained after cardiac organs are collected and subjected to active magnetic field compensation and passive magnetic field compensation are obtained, and active magnetic field compensation signals of active magnetic field compensation are completed by controlling a main control magnetic field source based on a deep neural network model; a passive magnetic field compensation signal of the passive magnetic field compensation is completed based on residual magnetic field data modeling; screening effective signals from the electrophysiological signals, and performing inversion reconstruction on the effective signals to obtain current density distribution; cross-modal fusion is conducted on the electrophysiological signals, the current density distribution and the electrocardiosignals through a deep learning model after model training is completed, a signal fusion result is obtained, and the deep learning model is trained based on Maxwell constraints.

The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor device design and simulation, in particular to a multi-physics-field coupled photoelectric detector modeling method and system, and the method comprises the steps: calculating the spatial distribution of the carrier generation rate, the carrier recombination rate, the potential, the distribution of electron concentration and hole concentration, and heat effect feedback data of a surface incidence semiconductor photoelectric detector; calculating the current density distribution of the target surface incident semiconductor photoelectric detector under the dynamic input optical power; based on an automatic differential Newton iteration method, a multi-physics field coupling equation set is solved according to spatial distribution of a carrier generation rate, current density distribution, a carrier recombination rate, potential, distribution of electron concentration and hole concentration and heat effect feedback data; and establishing an equivalent circuit model of the surface incidence semiconductor photoelectric detector, and carrying out co-simulation with an external circuit. Therefore, the problems of insufficient physical field coupling, poor numerical stability, low calculation efficiency, inaccurate simulation and the like in a traditional photoelectric detector simulation method are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric material surface treatment, and provides a bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric material wafer surface treatment method which comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-dimensional data such as current density distribution, temperature field distribution, solution concentration gradient and plating thickness increment in real time through a sensor array; performing iterative calculation on the data based on a thermoelectric performance parameter optimization model to generate an optimal parameter combination of chemical oil removal, activation, nickel plating and tin and bismuth plating processes; dynamically adjusting the anode plate area ratio, the current density threshold value and the solution temperature fluctuation range of the electroplating equipment; a self-adaptive feedback mechanism is used for correcting parameter deviation, so that a uniform thermoelectric function layer structure is formed on the surface of the wafer. According to the method, the uniformity and the thermoelectric performance stability of the surface coating of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric wafer can be improved, the defect rate is reduced, and the production efficiency and the product consistency are improved.

The application relates to the technical field of power electronics, and discloses a press-contact type IGBT device packaging structure optimization method and system. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an equivalent model of a press-contact type IGBT device; constructing a differential algebraic equation for uniformly describing the equivalent model of the press-contact type IGBT device and circuit port variables; converting the differential algebraic equation into a nonlinear algebraic equation group through time domain discretization, and constructing an iteration matrix with a global state vector as a derivation object according to a solving mode of the nonlinear algebraic equation group; performing low-dimensional subspace projection on the iteration matrix based on a Krylov subspace, and combining residual minimization to solve a linear subproblem of the iteration matrix, so that current uniformity characteristic results of the press-contact type IGBT device are obtained; and the packaging structure of the press-contact type IGBT device is optimized based on current density distribution reflected by the current uniformity characteristic results. The application can improve the current uniformity and operation reliability of the system.

The application provides a training method and device of a current density distribution identification model, the method comprising: inputting a plurality of sampling source points into the current density distribution identification model, and obtaining a loss function in the current density distribution identification model, which is constructed based on a current density distribution function and an electric field integral equation; wherein the loss function comprises a hyperbolic tangent function, a derivative of the hyperbolic tangent function and a product of the Green function; performing series expansion on the hyperbolic tangent function in the loss function, and extracting singular terms from the electric field integral equation in the series expanded loss function to obtain a plurality of singular integrals; performing inner integral calculation and outer integral calculation on each high-order singular integral in the singular integrals to determine the current density distribution function corresponding to the minimum value of the loss function on all sampling source points. The application can quickly solve the singular integrals comprising the hyperbolic tangent function, the derivative of the hyperbolic tangent function and the product of the Green function to obtain the current density distribution function.

The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting electrical engineering modeling, and discloses an interpolation magnet dynamic loss calculation method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the size parameters of an interpolation magnet, so as to construct a geometric model of the interpolation magnet; calculating a third-order resistivity matrix of the interpolated magnet in the geometric model, and adding the third-order resistivity matrix into the geometric model as a physical parameter; a background magnetic field function is added to the boundary of the geometric model, the background magnetic field function value is adjusted to simulate the excitation process of a back field magnet, and a stable background magnetic field is obtained; under a stable background magnetic field, applying a working current to the interpolating magnet through an external circuit, and calculating the current density distribution of the interpolating magnet in a current increasing or decreasing process according to an H equation; and based on the third-order resistivity matrix and the current density distribution, obtaining the dynamic loss of the interpolation magnet in the current rising or falling process. According to the method, the current distribution of the interpolation magnet in the excitation process can be reflected truthfully, the dynamic loss can be calculated quickly, and the simulation accuracy is high.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of batteries, and provides a battery monomer, a battery device and a power utilization device, the battery monomer comprises a shell and an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly is arranged in the shell, the electrode assembly comprises a body part, a plurality of first tabs are arranged on a first end surface of the body part at intervals, and the polarities of the plurality of tabs are the same. The current density distribution of the electrode assembly in the battery monomer provided by the invention is more uniform.

The invention discloses an ultra-thin strip current detection device and method based on pulsed excitation magnetic field detection, and belongs to the technical field of metal material processing and detection. The device comprises a main control module, a magnetic induction matrix acquisition module and a transverse reciprocating module. The magnetic induction matrix acquisition module is used for acquiring space magnetic field signals excited by pulse current on the surface of the ultra-thin strip; the transverse reciprocating module drives the sensor array to do reciprocating motion in the width direction of the strip, and in combination with conveying in the rolling direction of the strip, a composite scanning track of transverse reciprocating and longitudinal rolling is formed, so that a detection blind area caused by physical intervals of sensors is filled up; and the main control module is used for coordinating motion control and data acquisition, processing and inverting the acquired magnetic field signal, and reconstructing a two-dimensional current density distribution image in the plane of the ultra-thin strip. According to the invention, non-contact, high-resolution and visual detection of pulse current distribution in the electroplastic rolling process is realized, and an accurate basis is provided for process optimization and quality control.

The utility model discloses a kind of plasma cleaning plate, including bottom plate, bottom plate is provided with cathode, the surface of bottom plate is opened with at least one cathode groove, cathode groove is U shape, by the cathode groove design is U-shaped curved surface, the contact area of cathode and anode is significantly increased 30%-50%, current density distribution is optimized, make ionization area more concentrated and uniform, greatly improve the energy density of plasma arc and atmosphere dissociation degree, and, plasma can be maintained in lower temperature state in generation and effect process, unnecessary heat loss is reduced, to realize the effect of energy saving, at least one row of array distribution's plasma cleaning hole is equipped in cathode groove, and staggered distribution design is adopted, so that plasma beam is ejected at different angles and positions, form interlaced covering jet field, not only significantly improve cleaning efficiency, make cleaning process more efficient, can also ensure that cleaning has no dead angle, more comprehensive.

The application discloses a semiconductor heterogeneous photoelectrocatalytic flow reactor and application thereof. The reactor has good light permeability and electric conductivity, can fully utilize light energy and electric energy, and has uniform light-generated current density distribution (decay rate is less than 10%) and excellent mass transfer performance. The total area of the photoanode can be increased according to requirements, so that the flow reactor for photoelectrocatalytic reaction under different scales is realized.

An improved resistance welding electrode cap is arranged at the end of the electrode rod, comprising: a ring-shaped permanent magnet arranged at the outer edge of the end, a thin-walled high-resistivity magnetic conductive interlayer and an electrode copper core arranged in the electrode cap in sequence, and a cavity arranged at the top end for circulating cooling water, the upper end of the thin-walled high-resistivity magnetic conductive interlayer is in contact with the cooling water in the cavity, the lower end is flush with the end face of the electrode cap and the ring-shaped permanent magnet, and three current density distribution areas are formed between the electrode end face and the workpiece to be welded, i.e. the ring-shaped permanent magnet area with the smallest current density, the interlayer inner area, and the permanent magnet inner area and the interlayer outer area with the largest current density. By embedding the thin-walled high-resistivity magnetic conductive interlayer in the electrode cap, the current density distribution is changed to reduce the current density of the central part of the electrode, thereby reducing the heat generation in the central area while ensuring the heat generation in the central area, reducing the maximum indentation depth of the central area, and reducing the surface indentation.

The invention provides a fuel cell fault diagnosis method and system, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a current operation condition parameter of a cell stack of a fuel cell and a current density distribution diagram corresponding to the current operation condition parameter at present, extracting a real-time multi-dimensional characteristic parameter of the cell stack based on the current density distribution diagram, calling a preset health reference current density distribution map matched with the current operation condition parameters from a preset multi-dimensional condition current density reference map library of the fuel cell stack in the health state, and comparing preset multi-dimensional characteristic parameters corresponding to the preset health reference current density distribution map with the real-time multi-dimensional characteristic parameters, when the comparison result meets a preset judgment condition, it is determined that the fuel cell stack breaks down, and the type and position of the fault are determined based on the real-time multi-dimensional characteristic parameters; on the basis of current density distribution scanning and multi-dimensional feature extraction, the current density is compared with a current density reference map library in a healthy state, and rapid and accurate fault diagnosis and fault positioning are achieved.

The present application provides a kind of method for extracting the frequency domain impedance characteristics of grounding grid under the impact of intermediate frequency oscillation, belongs to the technical field of grounding grid operation and maintenance, the present application establishes the three-dimensional geometric model of grounding grid and uses the fractal dimension adaptive grid generation algorithm to divide the grid in the conductor area, establishes the multi-layer soil complex permittivity model to characterize the frequency variation characteristics of soil electromagnetic parameters, decomposes the intermediate frequency impact excitation signal into multiple narrowband components and inputs the artificial intelligence impedance characteristic extraction model based on neural tangent kernel theory, calculates the current density distribution and electromagnetic field distribution under different frequency points, extracts the skin effect depth and adjacent effect coupling coefficient, constructs the frequency response function of grounding grid and identifies the distribution position of resonance frequency point, adaptively adjusts the grid density parameters and iterative convergence precision parameters according to the ionization degree of soil, solves the problem that the frequency domain impedance characteristics of grounding grid under the condition of intermediate frequency impact are difficult to accurately extract.

The application discloses a kind of in-pipe electrode head anode body consumption state real-time monitoring system, it is related to electrode wear monitoring technical field, the system includes data acquisition module, data processing module, modeling module, life prediction analysis module and risk early warning module;By arranging multiple micro-sensing nodes in electrode pipeline interior, current density distribution, potential gradient and electrode-medium interface sense resistance value are collected;After normalization processing, loss characteristic map is constructed, and loss mapping matrix is generated;Supervised learning is carried out using long short-term memory residual network, and real-time consumption state weight value is output;Combined with operating condition parameters, the remaining life of each region is predicted based on Bayesian dynamic model, and critical wear area is labeled;When life is lower than preset threshold and consumption acceleration exceeds set value, output anode head replacement early warning instruction;The application realizes high-precision, dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning of electrode anode body wear state, with good real-time and adaptability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of material performance optimization, and particularly discloses a carbon ceramic resistor microstructure optimization method based on a physical constraint embedded CNN, and the method comprises the steps: inputting a dual-channel digital matrix into a U-Net network for feature extraction and reconstruction, and obtaining an optimized microstructure diagram; carrying out finite element model modeling and simulation calculation on the optimized microstructure diagram to obtain simulation performance parameters; performing statistical analysis based on the sample parameters to obtain a physical constraint range of each physical parameter; iteratively updating parameters of the convolutional neural network based on the simulation performance parameters and the physical constraint range to obtain an optimized network meeting physical constraints; and comparing the difference of the current density distribution in each state to complete optimization effect evaluation. According to the method, the technical closed loop from microstructure characterization to process parameter optimization is realized, a scheme is provided for improving the energy tolerance performance of the carbon ceramic resistor, the structure design and the preparation process of the high-performance carbon ceramic resistor can be promoted, and the efficiency and the reliability of the optimization method are improved.

The invention relates to an ecological restoration area intelligent identification method based on multi-source data and model integration. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a multi-source remote sensing image, terrain and soil attribute data, and generating a multi-source data base and an ecological source land set through feature extraction; constructing an ecological resistance surface based on the multi-source data base; performing circuit theoretical simulation based on the ecological resistance surface and the ecological source ground set, and generating a reference current density distribution diagram and a reference equivalent connectivity index; generating a connected gain distribution diagram based on the ecological resistance surface and the multi-source data base virtual restoration; calculating a gain-cost ratio based on the connected gain distribution map, the terrain gradient and the road distance data, and generating a preferential restoration potential distribution map; and performing spatial clustering analysis based on the preferential restoration potential distribution map to generate an ecological restoration key area. By adopting the method, benefits and cost can be considered, and the ecological restoration key area can be accurately identified.

The invention provides a permanent magnet crack detection method and a permanent magnet crack detection device, which are characterized in that a pair of current probes are utilized to introduce stable direct current or alternating current into a permanent magnet to be detected, and one or more potential probes are utilized to measure potential differences of contact points of the probes and the permanent magnet relative to a reference end. By comparing the measured values of the to-be-measured permanent magnet and the crack-free standard permanent magnet which are the same in shape, size and material, whether current density distribution abnormity caused by cracks exists in the to-be-measured permanent magnet or not is judged, and then the crack degree of the to-be-measured permanent magnet is evaluated and screened. Compared with the existing machine vision, eddy current, ultrasonic and magnetic powder detection technologies, the method has the beneficial effects that the requirement on the surface smoothness of the permanent magnet is low, the detection depth is large, the permanent magnet is not easily interfered by the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet, and the detection efficiency is high.

This application discloses a current regulating device, method, and related equipment for a continuous anode in an electrolytic cell, relating to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology. The current regulating device includes: multiple regulating devices and a conductive component. The conductive component is drivenly connected to the regulating devices and connected to the anode assembly of the aluminum electrolytic cell, located between the regulating devices and the anode assembly. At least two regulating devices form a group, with at least two regulating devices in each group respectively disposed on opposite sides of the anode assembly. Regulating devices in the same group apply or release pressure to the anode assembly through the conductive component to regulate the current density of the anode assembly. The embodiments provided in this application can improve the problem of uneven current density distribution in continuous anode assemblies during electrolysis, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

The application discloses a kind of electrolytic cell blade wave-shaped flow field structure. Including electrolyte inlet, electrolyte outlet, order blade rib and inverted blade rib, the suction surface is adopted at the back of blade rib, and the air flow pressure is lower along its surface, while the pressure surface is at the blade basin, and the fluid pressure is higher on one side of its surface, can form certain pressure difference between adjacent flow channel and enhance mass transfer process;The order and inverted blade rib are alternately arranged, and the wave-shaped flow channel with gradually changing flow cross-sectional area is formed, so that the gas-liquid flow velocity distribution in the flow channel is uniform, effectively ensuring the uniformity of electrolyte and current density distribution;A certain gap is provided between the adjacent two blade ribs, which is beneficial to reduce the local pressure and avoid the blocking phenomenon of gas and electrolyte, and the disturbance effect is increased by the edge protrusion of blade rib, so as to strengthen the mass transfer process of flow field and realize the uniformity of temperature distribution.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal structure corrosion resistance data processing, in particular to a simulation calculation evaluation method for corrosion resistance of a multi-welding-seam area, which comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional finite element model according to welding seam geometry and material parameters of a base metal / heat affected zone / weld nugget area; directly importing the obtained continuous residual equivalent stress field into a three-dimensional finite element model in the form of an interpolation function or an external field, and constructing stress dependent electrochemical parameters in an electrode dynamic boundary condition; after parameter setting is completed, electrode surface corrosion potential distribution and local current density are solved; and evaluating the corrosion resistance of the welding seam area according to the current density distribution, the corrosion rate field and the time-varying corrosion depth data obtained by simulation. According to the scheme, the method can be used for judging the sensitive position of the multi-welding-seam area, the corrosion resistance of the multi-welding-seam area can be evaluated more systematically and visually, the possible corrosion sensitive position can be recognized in advance, and risks can be found more timely in engineering application.

The application provides a continuous plating control method for a wide width pole piece of a power battery, and relates to the field of electrochemical plating. The method comprises the following steps: inputting a current density distribution sequence into a time series prediction model to predict a predicted current density distribution sequence of a plurality of future continuous regulation periods; based on a target plating layer thickness and the predicted current density distribution sequence, a multi-objective optimization problem is constructed, which comprises a thickness deviation minimization target, a current change smoothness target and process constraint conditions, and an optimal current setting value sequence in the plurality of future continuous regulation periods is solved to control the independent power supply to perform partition power supply. The application aims to solve the technical problem that the plating layer thickness is not uniformly distributed in the transverse direction due to the edge effect in the existing continuous plating process of the wide width pole piece of the power battery, effectively suppresses the edge effect, improves the surface density uniformity of the plating layer thickness, and realizes high-precision and high-robustness intelligent control of the continuous plating process of the wide width pole piece.

This invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for the mid-frequency performance of a filter field grounding system, belonging to the field of power grid equipment technology. The invention extracts the resonant frequency distribution by inputting a wideband impedance spectrum into an artificial intelligence frequency domain response identification model based on a coarse spatiotemporal attention mechanism. It then dynamically adjusts the spatial receptive field parameters according to the resonant frequency offset function. A three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation model is established based on soil frequency domain parameters, and the ground potential and current density distribution are calculated using the radial basis function collocation method and the fast multipole algorithm. The entropy value of current distribution uniformity and the Gini coefficient are calculated to identify current concentration areas and assess local overheating risk. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to dynamically weight and comprehensively score indicators such as impedance peak value, resonant frequency, ground potential gradient, current uniformity, and overheating risk. This invention solves the technical problem of inaccurate performance evaluation of filter field grounding systems under mid-frequency impulse conditions.

A multi-field coupling-based thermal characteristic analysis method for an extra-high-voltage direct-current isolating switch comprises the following steps of: 1, establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a conductive structure of the extra-high-voltage direct-current isolating switch, and simplifying the structure according to a simulation precision requirement; 2, importing the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 1 into simulation software, applying rated current excitation to the conductive structure in the simulation software, and calculating current density distribution in the conductor and Joule thermal power generated by the current density distribution; 3, coupling the thermal power field obtained in the step 2 with a heat conduction field, and constructing an electric-thermal multi-physical field joint simulation model; 4, setting temperature-related physical property parameters and environment boundary conditions of the material, and performing transient thermal analysis to obtain temperature distribution and thermal characteristics of the disconnecting switch in an operation state; through the steps, the thermal characteristic analysis of the extra-high voltage isolation switch based on multi-field coupling is realized.

This invention discloses a method, system, and storage medium for calculating the self-torque of a bitter coil, relating to the field of water-cooled magnet technology. The method includes obtaining the basic parameters of each coil in a water-cooled magnet; dividing the conductors in the upper or lower half of the coil into several annular grids; determining the coordinates of the grid center points based on the basic parameters; calculating the total radial magnetic field component at each grid center point; using the integral of the current density distribution of each grid over the single-turn cross-sectional area of ​​the coil, which equals the target current flowing through the coil, to solve for the current density distribution at each grid location; calculating the helix angle sine of the current helix path within the grid based on the helix path plane of the grid; calculating the axial current density component of each grid based on the current density distribution at each grid location and the corresponding helix angle sine; and calculating the electromagnetic torque of the coil when the target current flows through it based on the total radial magnetic field component and the axial current density component of each grid.

According to the present invention, the current density distribution in an electronic device is determined, which comprises a first and a second electrode and a layer of two-dimensional conductive material extending between the first and the second electrode. The total current through the electrodes is measured when the device is in operation, and then a first current measurement probe is placed at a number of positions as close as possible to the interface between the two-dimensional material and the first electrode. The probe is coupled to the same voltage as the first electrode, thereby locally shunting the current. The same is done at the interface between the channel and the second electrode. In this way boundary conditions are determined for the current, and assuming that the current density vector is orthogonal to the interface, this yields a boundary condition for the current density vector. Finally, the continuity equation is solved taking the boundary conditions into account.

This invention provides a lead-acid battery and its assembly method, belonging to the field of battery technology. It includes a battery case, a terminal group, a negative output terminal, a positive output terminal, and a battery cover. The terminal group is installed inside the battery case. The terminal group includes multiple negative plates, positive plates, and separators. Through-hole mounting holes are provided on the negative plates, positive plates, and separators. The centers of the negative and positive plates are located on the central axis of the mounting holes. Negative tabs on the negative plates and positive tabs on the positive plates are located within the mounting holes. One end of the negative output terminal passes through multiple mounting holes and is connected to multiple negative tabs. One end of the positive output terminal passes through multiple mounting holes and is connected to multiple positive tabs. The battery cover is sealed to the battery case. The lead-acid battery provided by this invention results in a more uniform current density distribution within the battery, full conversion of the lead paste during formation, and balanced charge provided by the lead paste on the plates during discharge, thus improving the utilization rate of the lead paste.

The invention discloses a transcranial time-domain interference closed-loop optimization stimulation method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the three-dimensional conductivity distribution in a brain, generating a current stimulation parameter based on the three-dimensional conductivity distribution and a preset target region of time-domain interference stimulation, and carrying out the time-domain interference stimulation according to the current stimulation parameter, and performing reconstruction to obtain current current density distribution of interference stimulation, generating an evaluation result based on the current current density distribution, and performing optimization adjustment on the current stimulation parameters based on the evaluation result to obtain target stimulation parameters. According to the scheme, the problems that in the prior art, the dynamic change of the neuron activity state cannot be sensed in real time, the individual physiological difference is difficult to adapt, the stimulation precision is insufficient, the effect stability is poor, even adverse reactions are caused, and the use scene and the use requirement of a user cannot be met are solved.

In one embodiment, a multibeam writing method includes acquiring a current density distribution of multiple beams formed using a charged particle beam emitted from a charged particle source, comparing the acquired current density distribution with a preset ideal shape of the current density distribution, and performing a beam adjustment on the multiple beams in a case where a difference at a predetermined position is greater than a threshold value.

This invention provides a battery cell and a battery having the same. The battery cell includes two electrode cores and an intermediate connector. Each electrode core has a conductive shell fitted around its outer periphery. Each conductive shell has an electrically connected terminal post. The intermediate connector can electrically connect the positive electrode tab of each of the two electrode cores to one of the two conductive shells, and electrically connect the negative electrode tab of each of the two electrode cores to the other of the two conductive shells. According to this invention, the uniformity of the current density distribution inside the battery cell can be improved, which is beneficial to improving the rate performance of the battery cell, reducing localized degradation inside the battery cell, improving the consistency of the battery cell during use, and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

The invention discloses a carbon anode current density homogenization method, an anode carbon block and an electrolytic bath, and the method comprises the following steps: determining a cutting mode of the upper part of a matrix of the anode carbon block according to the type of the electrolytic bath, the current intensity, the number of carbon bowls and the positions of the carbon bowls; and according to the cutting mode, cutting the upper part of the matrix of the anode carbon block, and cutting the upper part of the matrix of the anode carbon block into a plurality of conductive areas, so that the current density distribution of the bottom palm of the anode carbon block is uniform. Therefore, cutting or shape change in any form is not carried out on the anode bottom palm participating in the electrolytic reaction, a set of matched upper cutting mode is formulated in advance based on the specific groove type parameters, the total current intensity, the number of the carbon bowls and the spatial position of the electrolytic bath, and physical segmentation is carried out on the upper area of the anode carbon block base body according to the upper cutting mode.