The invention discloses a graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof. The graphene composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts by weight of graphene, 25 to 29 parts by weight of polycarbonate, 5 to 9 parts by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoleonium tetrafluoroborate, 32 to 36 parts by weight of nickel sulfate, 2 to 6 parts by weight of acetonitrile, 38 to 42 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 to 9 parts by weight of cellulose grafted acrylamide polymer, 16 to 22 parts by weight of starch-polyacrylate grafted copolymer, 7 to 9 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid-acrylonitrile, 20 to 24 parts by weight of potassium permanganate, 3 to 5 parts by weight of tungsten carbide and 4 to 6 parts by weight of high-strength carbon fibers. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high yield, no pollution and uniform graphitization; in addition, the graphitization degree is improved; the graphene composite material has the characteristics of excellent superconducting electrical properties, heat dissipation performance, superhigh toughness, light weight, high-temperature resistance, flame-retardant property, anti-oxidation property, acid and alkali resistance, mechanical damage resistance and the like.