The invention relates to a geological hammer, in particular to a quick-release multi-functional geological hammer which comprises an octagonal hammer head, a hard rock hammer head, a soft rock hammer head, main taper pins, a main hammer handle, an extended hammer handle inner connector, a built-in objective lens, an extended hammer handle, a non-slip shock-mitigating rubber sleeve, a built-in prism, a main hammer handle connector, a compass bottom cover, a compass, a bottom cover, a bottom cover base, an eyepiece, an eyepiece bottom cover and an auxiliary taper pin, wherein the octagonal hammer head is mounted at the upper part of the main hammer handle through a hammer handle mounting hole; and the hard rock hammer head and the soft rock hammer head are mounted on the octagonal hammer head through the hammer handle mounting hole or mounted at the upper part of the main hammer handle through the hammer handle mounting hole. Compared with a conventional geological hammer, the quick-release multi-functional geological hammer provided by the invention is solid and durable, and can be disassembled and assembled quickly; the quick-release multi-functional geological hammer can be combined and compressed, so as to save the transportation and storage space; the hammer handle of the quick-release multi-functional geological hammer is telescopic for assembly and can be assembled into a simple cane, so as to realize simple length measurement; and the quick-release multi-functional geological hammer has the functions of the compass and a telescope, and the objective lens is flexible to use, so that quick-release multi-functional geological hammer can serve as an emergency ignition source.