The invention discloses a fiber grating temperature and humidity sensor and a temperature and humidity measurement system. The sensor comprises a fiber core, a covering and a protective sleeve, the covering sleeves the fiber core, the fiber core comprises a first fiber core segment and a second fiber core segment, and the covering comprises a first layer segment corresponding to the first fiber core segment and a second layer segment corresponding to the second fiber core segment; the protective sleeve sleeves the second layer segment, the first fiber core segment is carved with a first fibergrating, and the second fiber core segment is carved with a second fiber grating; the covering employs a cycloolefin polymer; and the protective sleeve is made of polymethyl methacrylate. The temperature and humidity measurement system comprises a light source, a collimating lens, the fiber grating temperature and humidity sensor, a photoelectric convertor and a signal processing circuit. The temperature and humidity measuring precision and sensitivity of the sensor are improved, the sensor also has advantages of anti- electromagnetic interference, high measuring precision, high response speedand lower equipment cost, and the temperature and humidity of the working environment of an optical inductor are monitored accurately.