The invention discloses a solar seawater desalination system, comprising a solar heating device, a steam-water separator, a condensation device, a water supplementing device and a warming and heat-storing device, wherein a header is vertically arranged, a water supplementing outlet of the water supplementing device is communicated with a water inlet of the header, the steam-water separator is arranged between and connected with an upper end opening of the header and the condensation device, a steam separating opening of the steam-water separator is communicated with a steam inlet of the condensation device, and a water supplementing inlet of the water supplementing device is connected with the warming and heat-storing device. The solar seawater desalination system provided by the invention is used for solar seawater desalination and has the characteristics of a fast water circulation speed, rapid heat transfer, long duration of continuous distillation, little influence by weather, good adaptability, etc. Moreover, in the operation process of the system, integral power consumption and energy dissipation are small, operation cost is low, latent heat of cooling of steam is effectively used, and a high utilization rate of solar energy is realized.