The invention discloses an automatic stretching and retracting device and method for an old-age-assisting toilet bowl. The device comprises a seat, a lifting mechanism, a rocker mechanism, a sensing mechanism and a controller. The seat comprises a support, a cushion and a backrest. Each lifting mechanism comprises a rod motor, a driving rod, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a ball screw and a screw sleeve, and each rocker mechanism comprises a rocker motor, a first crank, a second crank, a first sensing mechanism pressure sensor and a second sensing mechanism pressure sensor. The controller firstly drives the cushion to ascend, a change curve of a leg pressing force is drawn, it is finally judged whether the leg pressing force is kept in a constant range or not, if yes, the rotation of the rod motor close to the cushion is stopped, the rotation of the rod motor far away from the cushion is stopped after the inclination angle of the cushion reaches a preset angle, and the rockermotor is finally driven to rotate to enable the cushion to move towards the direction of the person having difficulty in moving. The system is safer and more reliable, does not need to carry other equipment, and is more convenient to use.