The invention relates to a method for producing potassium chloride and co-producing a calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and silicon composite fertilizer by potassium feldspar. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing materials, crushing and mixing the materials to form raw materials, homogenizing and calcining, and finally preparing potassium chloride and calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and silicon composite fertilizer, wherein the raw materials comprise the components in percentage by weight as follows: 40-46% of potassium feldspar, 30-38% of phosphate ore, 12-16% of dolomite and 9-11% of industrial salt; calcining at 850-950 DEG C, and if a rotary kiln is selected, calcining at 850-900 DEG C; water-quenching red hot clinkers obtained, separating liquid from dregs and concentrating the liquid to obtain potassium chloride; drying, dehydrating and crushing residual solid dregs to 150-200 meshes, and packaging to obtain the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and silicon composite fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, not only is the sintering temperature reduced by 40 DEG G, but also the calcining cost is reduced by 50% and the yield is improved by 5-6 times.